THE 2021 EUROPEAN GROUP ON GRAVES' ORBITOPATHY (EUGOGO) CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF GRAVES' ORBITOPATHY

[helvella]

Despite brexit, this group includes the UK and has two members located in UK hospitals.

Eur J Endocrinol . 2021 Jul 1;EJE-21-0479.R1.

doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0479. Online ahead of print.

THE 2021 EUROPEAN GROUP ON GRAVES' ORBITOPATHY (EUGOGO) CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF GRAVES' ORBITOPATHY

Luigi Bartalena 1 , George J Kahaly 2 , Lelio Baldeschi 3 , Colin M Dayan 4 , Anja Eckstein 5 , Claudio Marcocci 6 , Michele Marino 7 , Bijay Vaidya 8 , Wilmar M Wiersinga 9

Affiliations

• PMID: 34297684

• DOI: 10.1530/EJE-21-0479

Abstract

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Choice of treatment should be based on assessment of clinical activity and severity of GO. Early referral to specialized centers is fundamental for most patients with GO. Risk factors include smoking, thyroid dysfunction, high serum level of thyrotropin receptor antibodies, radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment, and hypercholesterolemia. In mild and active GO, control of risk factors, local treatments and selenium (selenium-deficient areas) are usually sufficient; if RAI treatment is selected to manage GD, low-dose oral prednisone prophylaxis is needed, especially if risk factors coexist. For both active moderate-to-severe and sight threatening GO, antithyroid drugs are preferred when managing Graves' hyperthyroidism. In moderate-to-severe and active GO, intravenous (iv) glucocorticoids are more effective and better tolerated than oral glucocorticoids. Based on current evidence and efficacy/safety profile, costs and reimbursement, drug availability, long-term effectiveness and patient choice after extensive counselling, a combination of iv methylprednisolone and mycophenolate sodium is recommended as first-line treatment. A cumulative dose of 4.5 grams (g) of iv methylprednisolone in 12 weekly infusions is the optimal regimen. Alternatively, higher cumulative doses not exceeding 8 g can be used as monotherapy in most severe cases and constant/inconstant diplopia. Second-line treatments for moderate-to-severe and active GO include: a) a second course of iv methylprednisolone (7.5 g) subsequent to careful ophthalmic and biochemical evaluation, b) oral prednisone/prednisolone combined with either cyclosporine or azathioprine; c) orbital radiotherapy combined with oral or iv glucocorticoids, d) teprotumumab; e) rituximab and f) tocilizumab. Sight threatening GO is treated with several high single doses of iv methylprednisolone per week and, if unresponsive, with urgent orbital decompression. Rehabilitative surgery (orbital decompression, squint and eyelid surgery) is indicated for inactive residual GO manifestations.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/342...

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[Buddy195 Administrator]

Thanks Helvella.

Just to add thatTEDct have useful free quarterly newsletters and the Summer edition has a review of teprotumumab. Sadly this new drug is not yet available in the UK, although there is some hope that a few ‘newly diagnosed’ UK members might be eligible for trial. This is the email address if any one would like to join TEDct or access their free publications:[e-mail]