Questions, unanswered questions and implied questions ?

[sandybrown]

We all have unanswered questions. we all ask one question and see if we can find the correct answer!

What is fasting blood glucose test and ?

What is HbA1c1 blood test and why?

Is there a new guide line to HbA1c level?

How is insulin dosage calculated?

Is life style change and regular exercise important?

Can we overdose on medication?

How is cholesterol test necessary? fasting or on fasting?

Why is it necessary to understand lipid numbers and reference levels?

Type of diet, food as medication?

Feel free to add more questions, can create another post with a list of questions.

[Sankanrbanerjee61]

Any kinds of fruit 500 GM to 1000gm at breakfast, fully veggies with one small bowl full rice and one plate salad at lunch and dinner for type 1 and type 2 diabetes for 3 to 4 days

[ThreeSmiles]

But who is going to answer them! 😁

[sandybrown in reply to ThreeSmiles]

Very good question, reading post and response over the last week made me to put up the post.

Who can answer the list of questions, people with experience with the health problem and finding out the answers.

Any question has to be defined properly in simple terms. Over the last 7 years I learned a lot and would like to pass on the information to members of the community for discussion.

Getting used to diet change can be a problem. Understanding cholesterol, cholesterol lipids, blood glucose testing, A1c testing, the numbers with age, medication dosage, very important. This afternoon I was watching GPs behind the doors, it was interesting. GPs were using tools not just PC keyboard!

Keep it simple, basic and fundamentals. My children are now passing this on to grand children.

[gangadharan_nair]

(1) A blood sample will be taken after an overnight fast. A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it's 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes.

1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL.

(2) A1C is a lab test that shows the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the previous 3 months. It shows how well you are controlling your diabetes.

The following are the results when A1C is being used to diagnose diabetes:

Normal (no diabetes): Less than 5.7%

Pre-diabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%

Diabetes: 6.5% or higher

If you have diabetes, you and your provider will discuss the correct range for you. For many people, the goal is to keep the level below 7%.

Point-of-care: HbA1C tests are not accurate enough to be used for initial diagnosis of diabetes.

The test result may be incorrect in people with anemia, kidney disease, or certain blood disorders (thalassemia). Talk to your provider if you have any of these conditions. Certain medicines can also result in a false A1C level.

(3) New Type 2 Diabetes Guideline (2018) Recommends More Moderate HbA1c Target. The American College of Physicians (ACP) has concluded that patients with type 2 diabetes should be treated to achieve an A1C between 7% and 8%, rather than 6.5% to 7%.

(4) Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with insulin resistance and slowly progressive beta-cell failure. By the time type 2 diabetes is diagnosed in patients, up to one-half of their beta cells are not functioning properly. Beta-cell failure continues at a rate of about 4 percent each year. Therefore, patients with type 2 diabetes often benefit from insulin therapy at some point after diagnosis.

Insulin correction dose calculator is available in the Internet. It is better to leave the matter to the diabetologist.

(5) Change of lifestyle (avoidance of smoking and consumption of alcohol) and regular exercise are important in preventing diabetic complications. Heart patients should consult the cardiologist before taking exercise.

(6) The most common cause of hypoglycemia is medications used to treat diabetes mellitus such as insulin and sulfonylureas. Risk is greater in diabetics who have eaten less than usual, exercised more than usual or have drunk alcohol. Other causes of hypoglycemia include kidney failure, certain tumors, such as insulinoma, liver disease, hypothyroidism, starvation, inborn error of metabolism, severe infections, reactive hypoglycemia and a number of drugs including alcohol. Low blood sugar may occur in otherwise healthy babies who have not eaten for a few hours.

(7) Lipid profile or lipid panel is a panel of blood tests that serves as an initial screening tool for abnormalities in lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides. The results of this test can identify certain genetic diseases and can determine approximate risks for cardiovascular disease, certain forms of pancreatitis, and other diseases.

For healthy adults with no cardiovascular risk factors, the ATP III guidelines recommend screening once every five years. A lipid profile may also be ordered at regular intervals to evaluate the success of lipid-lowering drugs such as statins.

(8) Normal cholesterol < 200 mg/dL. LDL <100 mg/dL.HDL > 40 mg/dL.Triglyceride < 150 mg/dL.

(9) Eat a healthy diet, avoiding sugar and saturated fats intake.

Links:-

mayoclinic.org/diseases-con...

medlineplus.gov/ency/articl...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid...

medlineplus.gov/ency/patien...

who.int/news-room/fact-shee...

[sandybrown in reply to gangadharan_nair]

Sir,

Thank you for taking your time to reply with a lot of valuable information for members.

Let us hope many members will read and understand the important points give in your answer.

Thank you.