In oxygen-compromising conditions like diabetes, the body grows new blood vessels to help, but the result is often leaky, dysfunctional vessels that make bad matters worse. Now scientists at Biology Center at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University have identified a new target for reducing that dysfunctional blood vessel development in the eye in a common condition called diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults.
"If we block the adenosine receptor A2a, the blood vessels will not leak and not as many new blood vessels will grow," says Dr. Yuqing Huo, chief of the Vascular Inflammation Program at the Vascular Biology Center at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University.
Nearly 10 percent of Americans have diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association. Up to 45 percent of those individuals have some degree of diabetic retinopathy, according to the National Eye Institute.
The retina is inside the back of the eye, a multi-layered and vascular tissue, which receives light and transforms it to a neural impulse that goes to the brain. The optic nerve that transmits the neural impulses is in the center of the retina, and the retina's major blood vessels radiate from the optic nerve.
In addition to efforts to better manage blood glucose and blood pressure levels, current therapies for diabetic retinopathy include laser surgery to attempt to seal leaky blood vessels as well as surgery to remove vitreous gel, blood and scar tissue to better enable light to again focus on the retina. Direct injections into the eye of steroids may help with swelling and an anti-VEGF treatment may help reduce growth of the leaky vessels.
Diabetic retinopathy is one of causes for blindness among senior citizens. The other diseases causing blindness are cataract, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. The damage caused by most diseases (except cataract) are irreversible.
Most diabetic patients do not know that they have to undergo regular eye checkups from an ophthalmologist or optometrist. They should be done once a year if you are over age 65. Some experts recommend annual eye exams starting at an earlier age.
A normal result of creatinine-blood is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men. You have got 1.4 mg/dL.
eGFR stands for 'estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.' The glomerular filtration rate measures how well your kidneys filter the wastes from your blood and is the best overall measure of kidney function.
According to the National Kidney Foundation, normal results range from 90 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older people will have lower than normal GFR levels, because GFR decreases with age. Levels below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months are a sign of chronic kidney disease. You have got eGFR -54 mL/min/1.73 m2
Eye pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normal eye pressure ranges from 12-22 mm Hg, and eye pressure of greater than 22 mm Hg is considered higher than normal. When the IOP is higher than normal but the person does not show signs of glaucoma, this is referred to as ocular hypertension. Your eye pressure is normal.
For diabetes T2 : Do you mean Tab Reclimet (Dr.Reddy's Lab) ?
Tab. Reclimet consists of Metformin HCL 500 mg and Gliclazide 80 mg.
Metformin is used alone or with other medications, including insulin, to treat type 2 diabetes (condition in which the body does not use insulin normally and, therefore, cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood). Metformin is in a class of drugs called biguanides. Metformin helps to control the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood. It decreases the amount of glucose you absorb from your food and the amount of glucose made by your liver. Metformin also increases your body's response to insulin, a natural substance that controls the amount of glucose in the blood.
Gliclazide is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. It is used when dietary changes, exercise, and weight loss are not enough. It is taken by mouth. Use by those with significant kidney problems, liver problems, or who are pregnant is not recommended. Consult your doctor since your eGFR is abnormal.
Vildagliptin (generic name) Galvus (brand name) is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent (anti-diabetic drug) of the new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of drugs. Vildagliptin inhibits the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP by DPP-4, allowing GLP-1 and GIP to potentiate the secretion of insulin in the beta cells and suppress glucagon release by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.
Vildagliptin has been shown to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Unical Tablet is used for Vitamin d deficiency, Low blood calcium level, Increase the force of contraction of the heart, Bone formation, Blood coagulation and other conditions.
Unical Tablet contains Elemental Calcium, and Vitamin D3 as active ingredients.
Olmesartan (generic name) Olmezest (brand name) is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure in adults and children 6 years of age and older. Olmesartan is in a class of medications called angiotensin II receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of certain natural substances that tighten the blood vessels, allowing the blood to flow more smoothly and the heart to pump more efficiently.
Travoprost is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open-angle type) or other eye diseases (e.g., ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye can help prevent blindness.
Nefrosave Tablet is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms:
* High blood pressure
* Hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands
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As new blood vessels form at the back of the eye as a part of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), they can bleed and blur vision.....
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