Here is the reference and link to the updated "Algorithm" for RLS treatment. It's worth bringing the reference to your GP, neurologist and sleep specialist
Silber, Michael H., Mark J. Buchfuhrer, Christopher J. Earley, Brian B. Koo, Mauro Manconi, John W. Winkelman, Christopher J. Earley, et al. “The Management of Restless Legs Syndrome: An Updated Algorithm.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 96, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1921–37. doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.20....
sciencedirect.com/science/a...
While I'm here, I'll just share my whole personal bibliography about RLS, it's mostly scientific papers, but also a few blog posts including some from this forum:
HealthUnlocked. “A STRANGE AND MIRACULOUS CURE! - Restless Legs Syn...,” October 30, 2021. healthunlocked.com/rlsuk/po....
Abdo Soliman, Jehan S, Ahmed Y Amer, and Jehan S Abdo Soliman. “Association of Zinc Deficiency with Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Symptoms: Results from a Case-Control Study.” Cureus 11, no. 1. Accessed February 19, 2021. doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3811.
Allen, Richard P., Daniel L. Picchietti, Michael Auerbach, Yong Won Cho, James R. Connor, Christopher J. Earley, Diego Garcia-Borreguero, et al. “Evidence-Based and Consensus Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Iron Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease in Adults and Children: An IRLSSG Task Force Report.” Sleep Medicine 41 (January 1, 2018): 27–44. doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.201....
HealthUnlocked. “Buprenorphine Review Can You Please h... - Restless Legs Syn...,” October 7, 2021. healthunlocked.com/rlsuk/po....
Chen, Pan, Julia Bornhorst, Stephanie Patton, Kanika Bagai, Rachana Nitin, Mahfuzur Miah, Dominic J Hare, et al. “A Potential Role for Zinc in Restless Legs Syndrome.” Sleep, no. zsaa236 (November 11, 2020). doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa236.
Chokroverty, Sudhansu. “Long-Term Management Problems in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)/Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED).” In Dopamine and Sleep: Molecular, Functional, and Clinical Aspects, edited by Jaime M. Monti, S. R. Pandi-Perumal, and S. Chokroverty, 255–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-4....
Cikrikcioglu, Mehmet Ali, Gulistan Halac, Mehmet Hursitoglu, Hafize Erkal, Mustafa Cakirca, Burcin Erdem Kinas, Aybala Erek, Mikail Yetmis, Erdal Gundogan, and Tufan Tukek. “Prevalence of Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy Antibodies in Restless Legs Syndrome.” Acta Neurologica Belgica 111, no. 4 (2011): 282.
Cotter, Paul E, and Shaun T O’Keeffe. “Restless Leg Syndrome: Is It a Real Problem?” Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2, no. 4 (December 2006): 465–75.
Cw, Rouf, Choudhury Mizanur Rouf, Nazim Uddin, Mokbul Hossain, Burhan Uddin, and Sumon Mollik. “Use of Potassium Citrate in Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS),” 2016. doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2016.....
Czesnik, Dirk, James Howells, Michael Bartl, Elisabeth Veiz, Rebecca Ketzler, Olga Kemmet, Arthur S. Walters, Claudia Trenkwalder, David Burke, and Walter Paulus. “Ih Contributes to Increased Motoneuron Excitability in Restless Legs Syndrome.” The Journal of Physiology 597, no. 2 (2019): 599–609. doi.org/10.1113/JP275341.
“Emoxypine.” In Wikipedia, December 13, 2020. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.ph....
Ferini-Strambi, Luigi, Giulia Carli, Francesca Casoni, and Andrea Galbiati. “Restless Legs Syndrome and Parkinson Disease: A Causal Relationship Between the Two Disorders?” Frontiers in Neurology 9 (2018). doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.....
Ferré, Sergi. “The Adenosine Hypothesis of Restless Legs Syndrome.” Journal of Caffeine and Adenosine Research 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–3. doi.org/10.1089/caff.2019.0001.
Ferré, Sergi, Christopher Earley, Seema Gulyani, and Diego Garcia-Borreguero. “In Search of Alternatives to Dopaminergic Ligands for the Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome: Iron, Glutamate, and Adenosine.” Sleep Medicine, Advances in Scientific Understanding of the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) (aka: Willis Ekbom Disease (WED)), 31 (March 1, 2017): 86–92. doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.201....
Ferré, Sergi, Diego García-Borreguero, Richard P. Allen, and Christopher J. Earley. “New Insights into the Neurobiology of Restless Legs Syndrome.” The Neuroscientist 25, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 113–25. doi.org/10.1177/10738584187....
Ghorayeb, Imad. “Cannabis for Restless Legs Syndrome.” In Cannabinoids and Sleep: Molecular, Functional and Clinical Aspects, edited by Jaime M. Monti, S. R. Pandi-Perumal, and Eric Murillo-Rodríguez, 173–81. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-6....
Harrison, Eloise G., Jennifer L. Keating, and Prue E. Morgan. “Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Restless Legs Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.” Disability and Rehabilitation 41, no. 17 (August 14, 2019): 2006–14. doi.org/10.1080/09638288.20....
Infantino, Rosmara, Consalvo Mattia, Pamela Locarini, Antonio Luigi Pastore, Sabatino Maione, and Livio Luongo. “Buprenorphine: Far Beyond the ‘Ceiling.’” Biomolecules 11, no. 6 (June 2021): 816. doi.org/10.3390/biom11060816.
GM. “Is Adenosine the Missing Link in Restless Leg Syndrome?” Accessed April 21, 2021. gmjournal.co.uk/is-adenosin....
Kraal, A. Zarina, Nicole R. Arvanitis, Andrew P. Jaeger, and Vicki L. Ellingrod. “Could Dietary Glutamate Play a Role in Psychiatric Distress?” Neuropsychobiology 79, no. 1–2 (2020): 13–19. doi.org/10.1159/000496294.
Lanza, Giuseppe, and Raffale Ferri. “Chapter Five - The Neurophysiology of Hyperarousal in Restless Legs Syndrome: Hints for a Role of Glutamate/GABA.” In Advances in Pharmacology, edited by Stefan Clemens and Imad Ghorayeb, 84:101–19. Pharmacology of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Academic Press, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.201....
Lin, Yi-Cong, Yang Feng, Shu-Qin Zhan, Ning Li, Yan Ding, Yue Hou, Li Wang, et al. “Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome.” Chinese Medical Journal 128, no. 13 (July 5, 2015): 1728–31. doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.1....
HealthUnlocked. “Low Oxalate Diet, an Explanation for ... - Restless Legs Syn...,” July 16, 2021. healthunlocked.com/rlsuk/po....
“Low-Oxalate Diet | Winchester Hospital.” Accessed July 19, 2021. winchesterhospital.org/heal....
Mackie, Susan E., and John W. Winkelman. “Therapeutic Utility of Opioids for Restless Legs Syndrome.” Drugs 77, no. 12 (August 1, 2017): 1337–44. doi.org/10.1007/s40265-017-....
Mallick, H. N. “Understanding Safety of Glutamate in Food and Brain.” Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 51, no. 3 (2007): 216.
Manchanda, Shalini, Charles R. Davies, and Daniel Picchietti. “Celiac Disease as a Possible Cause for Low Serum Ferritin in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome.” Sleep Medicine 10, no. 7 (2009): 763–65.
“Mark Buchfuhrer, MD.” Accessed August 24, 2021. stanfordhealthcare.org/doct....
Stuff. “Medical Mystery: A Woman’s Laborious Search Uncovered the Probable Cause of Her Searing Abdominal Pain,” February 21, 2021. stuff.co.nz/world/americas/....
Moccia, Marcello, Maria Teresa Pellecchia, Roberto Erro, Fabiana Zingone, Sara Marelli, Damiano Giuseppe Barone, Carolina Ciacci, Luigi Ferini Strambi, and Paolo Barone. “Restless Legs Syndrome Is a Common Feature of Adult Celiac Disease.” Movement Disorders 25, no. 7 (2010): 877–81.
“My RLS Is over Because of 50 Mg of CB... - Restless Legs Syn...” Accessed March 23, 2021. healthunlocked.com/rlsuk/po....
Massachusetts General Hospital. “National RLS Opioid Registry.” Accessed October 6, 2021. massgeneral.org/rls-registry.
P. Pratt, Dyveke. “Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease and Periodic Limb Movements: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Considerations.” Current Rheumatology Reviews 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 91–112.
HealthUnlocked. “Psycho-Social Factors in RLS - Restless Legs Syn...,” July 15, 2021. healthunlocked.com/rlsuk/po....
WCM Newsroom. “Reducing Dosage of Parkinson’s Drugs Can Cause Symptoms Similar to Those of Cocaine Withdrawal.” Accessed January 26, 2021. news.weill.cornell.edu/news....
Rinaldi, Fabrizio, Andrea Galbiati, Sara Marelli, Luigi Ferini Strambi, and Marco Zucconi. “Treatment Options in Intractable Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED).” Current Treatment Options in Neurology 18, no. 2 (February 2016): 7. doi.org/10.1007/s11940-015-....
HealthUnlocked. “RLS and Hyperarousal: I Haven’t Posted... - Restless Legs Syn...,” June 14, 2021. healthunlocked.com/rlsuk/po....
Robertson, Chelsea L, Kenji Ishibashi, Joy Chudzynski, Larissa J Mooney, Richard A Rawson, Brett A Dolezal, Christopher B Cooper, Amira K Brown, Mark A Mandelkern, and Edythe D London. “Effect of Exercise Training on Striatal Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors in Methamphetamine Users during Behavioral Treatment.” Neuropsychopharmacology 41, no. 6 (May 2016): 1629–36. doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.331.
Romero-Peralta, Sofía, Irene Cano-Pumarega, and Diego García-Borreguero. “Emerging Concepts of the Pathophysiology and Adverse Outcomes of Restless Legs Syndrome.” Chest 158, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1218–29. doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.202....
Salinsky, Martin, Daniel Storzbach, and Sonia Munoz. “Cognitive Effects of Pregabalin in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.” Neurology 74, no. 9 (March 2, 2010): 755–61. doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3....
FICSUM | Fonds d’investissement des cycles supérieurs de l’Université de Montréal. “SANTÉ — Avancée dans le diagnostic de la fatigue chronique.” Accessed May 17, 2021. ficsum.com/dire-archives/et....
Sharon, Denise. “Nonpharmacologic Management of Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom Disease): Myths or Science.” Sleep Medicine Clinics, Restless Legs Syndrome and Sleep Related Movement Disorders, 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 263–78. doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2015....
Shin, Jung-Won, Jung-hun Lee, Hyeyoon Kim, Da-Hye Lee, Kwang-Hyun Baek, Jun-Sang Sunwoo, Jung-Ick Byun, et al. “Bioinformatic Analysis of Proteomic Data for Iron, Inflammation, and Hypoxic Pathways in Restless Legs Syndrome.” Sleep Medicine 75 (November 1, 2020): 448–55. doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.202....
Silber, Michael H., Philip M. Becker, Mark J. Buchfuhrer, Christopher J. Earley, William G. Ondo, Arthur S. Walters, and John W. Winkelman. “The Appropriate Use of Opioids in the Treatment of Refractory Restless Legs Syndrome.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 93, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 59–67. doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.20....
Silber, Michael H., Philip M. Becker, Christopher Earley, Diego Garcia-Borreguero, and William G. Ondo. “Willis-Ekbom Disease Foundation Revised Consensus Statement on the Management of Restless Legs Syndrome.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 88, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 977–86. doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.20....
Silber, Michael H., Mark J. Buchfuhrer, Christopher J. Earley, Brian B. Koo, Mauro Manconi, John W. Winkelman, Christopher J. Earley, et al. “The Management of Restless Legs Syndrome: An Updated Algorithm.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 96, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1921–37. doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.20....
Simakajornboon, Narong, Thomas J. Dye, and Arthur S. Walters. “Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease and Growing Pains in Children and Adolescents.” Sleep Medicine Clinics 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 311–22. doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2015....
KBR. “SNUH researchers find biomarkers for restless legs syndrome,” March 26, 2021. koreabiomed.com/news/articl....
Psychiatric Times. “Tackling Reentry Anxiety: Strategies for Coping.” Accessed September 7, 2021. psychiatrictimes.com/view/t....
HealthUnlocked. “This Works for Me!: I Have Had... - Restless Legs Syn...,” May 23, 2021. healthunlocked.com/rlsuk/po....
Trenkwalder, Claudia, Richard Allen, Birgit Högl, Stefan Clemens, Stephanie Patton, Barbara Schormair, and Juliane Winkelmann. “Comorbidities, Treatment, and Pathophysiology in Restless Legs Syndrome.” The Lancet Neurology 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 994–1005. doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(....
Trenkwalder, Claudia, Karin Stiasny-Kolster, Andreas Kupsch, Wolfgang H. Oertel, Juergen Koester, and Juergen Reess. “Controlled Withdrawal of Pramipexole after 6 Months of Open-Label Treatment in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome.” Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society 21, no. 9 (September 2006): 1404–10. doi.org/10.1002/mds.20983.
Le Devoir. “Une similitude évidente avec la COVID longue durée.” Accessed June 4, 2021. ledevoir.com/societe/sante/....
Vinagre-Aragón, Ana, Panagiotis Zis, Richard Adam Grunewald, and Marios Hadjivassiliou. “Movement Disorders Related to Gluten Sensitivity: A Systematic Review.” Nutrients 10, no. 8 (August 2018): 1034. doi.org/10.3390/nu10081034.
Weinstock, Leonard B., Arthur S. Walters, Gerard E. Mullin, and Stephen P. Duntley. “Celiac Disease Is Associated with Restless Legs Syndrome.” Digestive Diseases and Sciences 55, no. 6 (2010): 1667–73.
Weinstock, Leonard B., Arthur S. Walters, and Paisit Paueksakon. “Restless Legs Syndrome–Theoretical Roles of Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms.” Sleep Medicine Reviews 16, no. 4 (2012): 341–54.
Winkelman, John W, and Julia Purks. “0668 The National RLS Opioid Registry: Baseline Data on the First 300 Participants.” Sleep 42, no. Supplement_1 (April 13, 2019): A266–67. doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz06....
Winkelman, John W, Julia Purks, and Benjamin Wipper. “Baseline and 1-Year Longitudinal Data from the National Restless Legs Syndrome Opioid Registry.” Sleep 44, no. 2 (February 1, 2021). doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa183.
Winkelmann, Juliane, Richard P. Allen, Birgit Högl, Yuichi Inoue, Wolfgang Oertel, Aaro V. Salminen, John W. Winkelman, Claudia Trenkwalder, and Cristina Sampaio. “Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome: Evidence-Based Review and Implications for Clinical Practice (Revised 2017)§.” Movement Disorders 33, no. 7 (2018): 1077–91. doi.org/10.1002/mds.27260.
Wong, Janice C., Yanping Li, Michael A. Schwarzschild, Alberto Ascherio, and Xiang Gao. “Restless Legs Syndrome: An Early Clinical Feature of Parkinson Disease in Men.” Sleep 37, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 369–72. doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3416.
Yıldırım, Engin, and Hakan Apaydın. “Zinc and Magnesium Levels of Pregnant Women with Restless Leg Syndrome and Their Relationship with Anxiety: A Case-Control Study.” Biological Trace Element Research, July 16, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-....
Zaccara, Gaetano, Pierfranco Gangemi, Piero Perucca, and Luigi Specchio. “The Adverse Event Profile of Pregabalin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.” Epilepsia 52, no. 4 (2011): 826–36. doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167....
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Treatment of RLS with Pramipexole 
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