Here is the latest I can find on treatment recommendations in Australia. It is consistent with the latest US advice and includes the option of opiods as last line treatment in refractory (including augmented) RLS. www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2023...
To my mind it does understate the DA risk but it does acknowledge it.
Gabapentin and most opiods remain off label. Targin is the only opiod approved by TGA (ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/pi... for RLS that I am aware of, though in a few months you may be flagged. In my case I was then referred to pain clinic and after educating them I was prescribed Buprenorphine, a necessary step was that I described my symptom as pain (something Dr Winkelman noted in his SLEEP 2024 talk).
It wasn't stated but I also believe Buprenorphine can be prescribed on PBS because is approved for opiod withdrawal (and if you have chronic augmented RLS where only opiods are effective then you are in my view dependent on them). Buprenorphine is approved for chronic pain and opiod withdrawal.
Two years later I remain on a lower than fully effective dose (10mcg patch) but after 10 years on 1mg sifrol^ and becoming symptomatic 90% of 24/7 in arms and legs I now routinely get 5 or 6 hours sleep a night, occasionally more with symptoms only a few times a day.
^ TGA approved Product Information (PI) recognises augmentation and has max dose at .75mg, but provides for ceasing at lower dose if augmentation occurs, something I was unaware of until too late.