3. Question: Should we be trying to eliminate or significantly reducing consumption of these foods that are high in oleic acid?
4. I traveled down this path tonight after I ate Teff with my dinner. I looked up Teff and it said that it is high in Oleic Acid content (32%) and Linoleic acid (24%).
5. Regarding Linoleic Acid, here is a link that claims that there is a strong correlation between Linoleic Acid and Prostate cancer:
6. If these reports are true, it seems that given up many types of nuts and grains would be warranted, or would that only be recommended for the oils themselves, and not the actual nuts or butters (organic butters with no other added ingredients)?
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in industrialized countries. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that obesity promotes aggressive PCa. Recently, a family of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) receptors (FFARs) has been identified and reported to affect several crucial biological functions of tumor cells such as proliferation, invasiveness, and apoptosis. Here we report that oleic acid (OA), one of the most prevalent FFA in human plasma, increases proliferation of highly malignant PC3 and DU-145 PCa cells. Furthermore, docetaxel cytotoxic action, the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of androgen-independent PCa, was significantly reduced in the presence of OA, when measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, suggesting that this FFA plays also a role in chemoresistance. OA induced intracellular calcium increase, in part due to the store operated calcium entry (SOCE), measured by a calcium imaging technique. Moreover, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was enhanced, as revealed by increased Akt phosphorylation levels. Intriguingly, attenuating the expression of FFA1/GPR40, a receptor for long chain FFA including OA, prevented the OA-induced effects. Of relevance, we found that FFA1/GPR40 is significantly overexpressed in tissue specimens of PCa, compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, at both mRNA and protein expression level, analyzed by Real Time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments, respectively. Our data suggest that OA promotes an aggressive phenotype in PCa cells via FFA1/GPR40, calcium and PI3K/Akt signaling. Thus, FFA1/GPR40, might represent a potential useful prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced PCa.
Thanks. Very interesting. Not sure what to do with this information. It falls into my "ambiguous" category of foods that have some health benefits, but are also perhaps not good for us PCa folks. Maybe consider stop eating avocados and some nuts/seeds?? Or at least not too many oleic acid rich foods.... and everything in moderation. Perhaps the benefits of these foods outweigh the potential negative effects. Don't know.
Good reply. I have a very low BMI but I try to reinforce what is best to eat and best to reduce consumption of. I do a lot of cardiology related research as well because I have heredity related Coronary Artery Disease. It's hereditary because my HDL is very low since I was 20 years old, however, in my 20s I had a triglyceride to HDL ratio of 8-1, even though I was exercising and running and playing sports daily. Now that I focused by efforts on food, my ratio is 1:1. 45:42 vs 250:30 (back in 1989 when I could run 2 miles in 10:30.
Regarding processed and industrial oils, they are the most destructive food that's destroying the health of most Americans (70% overweight, 40% obese). Stay far away from these oils. They also taste like shit, so it's hard to believe people eat them in so many forms. High quality olive oil from Spain Italy or Greece is ok in small amounts. I like nuts a lot but I'm eating too much of them. They are not available in nature during many months of the year, but now we can get them in the grocery store year-round. They weren't meant to be eaten in large quantities on a daily basis. I'm cutting back. This includes the highest quality nuts and nut butters.
Fats from many types of meats are a problem as well.
I found another report that is helpful. It's based on data from an Ecuadorian study:
Even Omega 3 sources like Flaxseeds can be potentially harmful to us, if eaten in high quantity. It's up to the individual to determine what is high quantity. Based on heart research and reading the data presented in these reports, it seems like limiting intake of nuts should be 1-2 ounces a few times a week. Industrial and processed oils (which are in most processed foods in the grocery store) should be completely eliminated from the diet, especially if they have advanced prostate cancer.
Oleic acid is a typical monounsaturated fatty acid (omega-9). Linoleic acid is a typical polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-6). While oleic acid is a non-essential FA (as it can be produced by the body), linoleic acid can only be obtained from dietary sources.
Both oleic acid and linoleic acid are found in nuts and seeds and industrial oils (corn, canola, etc.). It has long been advised by some to reduce intake of omega-6's relative to omega-3s, but that would not mean an ELIMINATION of nuts and seeds altogether. But eliminating the industrial oils from the diet? Might make sense.
In addition to nuts and seeds, the omega-9 oleic acid is found in seafood and olives. Is olive oil an "industrial oil?" I don't know, but I have no plans to eliminate it from my diet. The fact that the body can produce its own oleic acid means that a reduction in dietary consumption might not mean lower levels, anyway!
In other words, if oleic acid promotes prostate cancer malignant phenotype via the G protein-coupled receptor FFA1/GPR40, how would we know if that happens because we are eating oleic acid or because our bodies are producing it via de novo fatty acid synthesis?
So in addition to considering dietary consumption, we need to consider what might upregulate the pathways of de novo fatty acid synthesis. The body will make it own fatty acids from carbs and proteins.
The abstract says "we found that FFA1/GPR40 is significantly overexpressed in tissue specimens of PCa" and that "attenuating the expression of FFA1/GPR40, a receptor for long chain FFA including OA, prevented the OA-induced effects." Couldn't it be that the PC itself, or the patient's state of obesity, is causing the signaling changes that lead to the oleic acid-induced effects of increased proliferation and malignancy?
It seems possible that it is not OA itself that is the problem here, but the real problem is in the expression of the receptor for OA. (Sort of like the way testosterone itself is less of a problem than how the AR reacts to T, in various signaling pathways?)
In other words, we have no way of knowing the actual impact of DIETARY consumption of oleic acid. For myself, I would certainly keep olives and olive oil as a main part of my diet, and nuts and seeds as a minor part... and pay more attention to trying to keep BMI nice and low!
Good reply. I have a very low BMI but I try to reinforce what is best to eat and best to reduce consumption of. I do a lot of cardiology related research as well because I have heredity related Coronary Artery Disease. It's hereditary because my HDL is very low since I was 20 years old, however, in my 20s I had a triglyceride to HDL ratio of 8-1, even though I was exercising and running and playing sports daily. Now that I focused by efforts on food, my ratio is 1:1. 45:42 vs 250:30 (back in 1989 when I could run 2 miles in 10:30.
Regarding processed and industrial oils, they are the most destructive food that's destroying the health of most Americans (70% overweight, 40% obese). Stay far away from these oils. They also taste like shit, so it's hard to believe people eat them in so many forms. High quality olive oil from Spain Italy or Greece is ok in small amounts. I like nuts a lot but I'm eating too much of them. They are not available in nature during many months of the year, but now we can get them in the grocery store year-round. They weren't meant to be eaten in large quantities on a daily basis. I'm cutting back. This includes the highest quality nuts and nut butters.
Fats from many types of meats are a problem as well.
I found another report that is helpful. It's based on data from an Ecuadorian study:
Even Omega 3 sources like Flaxseeds can be potentially harmful to us, if eaten in high quantity. It's up to the individual to determine what is high quantity. Based on heart research and reading the data presented in these reports, it seems like limiting intake of nuts should be 1-2 ounces a few times a week. Industrial and processed oils (which are in most processed foods in the grocery store) should be completely eliminated from the diet, especially if they have advanced prostate cancer.
From a deep dive into flaxseeds a couple years ago, my conclusion was flax lignans are good, but flax oil is bad for PCa. So stay away from the seeds and oil and just get the lignans. You guys probably know this since you are much better informed than me. Thanks again for sharing the research and knowledge. Very interesting stuff.
aOR1, adjusted for age, residence,urban/rural status, education, body mass index, family history of prostate cancer in a first degree relative, and total energy intake.bOR2, further adjusted for saturated fat,monounsaturated fat, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and vegetable and fruit intake.cNA, not applicable.dFurther adjusted for each other.
One of the most frustrating things to understand is the relationship (or lack thereof) between diet and PCa. Vegan or Meat, Carbo or Protein, Dairy?, Soy? What's actionable and what's just non-scientific speculation? I switched to plant based diet shortly after DX. I use nuts, peanut butter (lots) and soy to supplement lost protein. Now I've got another list of foods I should either stop eating or cut down on. For me the most important information is what foods potentially promote aggressive PCa or what potentially slows down aggressive PCa. So much conflicting advice and lack of vigorous studies. Thank you for post!
I know, it's frustrating indeed. I'm thinking that I'll just cut my nut and nut butter intakes down from ~5oz a day to more like 1-2. I think all oils are detrimental. I figure that the highest quality EVOO is least bad, but I don't need that for flavor because hot sauce tastes better. So does mustard. If anything, I'll eat the highest quality olives in low quantity. In place of nut reduction, I'll have a big pitcher of veggie smoothie daily, with a little fruit thrown in.
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