Some very interesting details on the production of B12 via fermentation.
researchgate.net/profile/De...
These are the bacteria that make most of the industrially produced B12:
microbewiki.kenyon.edu/inde...
An interesting detail here:
" In 1969, D.H. Davis changed the name of the bacteria to its present name because of the discovery that the bacteria contained many features known to be in mitochondria. It is possible that Paracoccus denitrificans is an ancestor to the eukaryotic mitochondria. "
If only our damn mitochondria were (still?) able to make their own B12, that would certainly save us a lot of bother with this damned contrived absorption system 🤣