Restriction of essential amino acids dictates the systemic metabolic response to dietary protein dilution.
Nature Communications.
In this study, we also conducted glucose tolerance tests to further examine diet effects on whole-body metabolism. The blood glucose excursion (Fig. 2h) and related area under the curve (Supplementary Fig. 2D) was directly related to EAA supply, with lower glucose levels found with EAA restriction. Similar results were seen for that of insulin (Fig. 2i and Supplementary Fig. 2E).
From fasting glucose (Supplementary Fig. 2F) and insulin (Supplementary Fig. 2G) values, we could calculate various indices of glucose metabolic control such as the ISI(f) (Fig. 2j) and HOMA-IR (Supplementary Fig. 2H). In addition, we calculated the product of the glucose and insulin AUCs (Supplementary Fig. 2I).
Importantly, there were very close correlations between the indices determined from fasting glucose and insulin compared with those determined from the glucose tolerance tests (Supplementary Fig. 2J–L).
All of these indices highlighted that glucose metabolism/insulin sensitivity is heightened with dietary EAA restriction.
Like many of these cases there is an issue with either extreme, so we need to determine the proper balance. See the quotes about two essential amino acids below.:
1. Phenylalanine: Phenylalanine is a precursor for the neurotransmitters tyrosine, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. It plays an integral role in the structure and function of proteins and enzymes and the production of other amino acids (4).
5. Methionine: Methionine plays an important role in metabolism and detoxification. It’s also necessary for tissue growth and the absorption of zinc and selenium, minerals that are vital to your health (8).
Short-term dietary reduction of branched-chain amino acids reduces meal-induced insulin secretion and modifies microbiome composition in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled crossover trial.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 2019.
Fascinating nuance: lower intake of protein, along with BCAA supplemention:
"We found that protein restriction improved insulin tolerance and increased hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 mRNA, circulating interleukin (IL)-5 concentration, and thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 in subcutaneous white fat. Surprisingly, BCAA supplementation conditionally increased body weight, lean mass, and fat mass, and deteriorated insulin intolerance during protein restriction, but not during protein sufficiency."
Threonine deprivation studies on rats go way, way back. Forget it because most humans eat a diet of "complex" proteins. Even vegans do whose fruits and vegetables contain complex proteins.
Reduction of EAA's in humans to the point of deprivation is not only dangerous, stupid but ludicrous.
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