PD subgroups and subtypes : preliminary comments, initial bibliography

[aspergerian]

The discussion of subgroups is important. "Subtypes" seems an

equivalent word (1). Much subgroup research is occurring. FFindings

in cite 8 surprised me. Several subtype cites have already been

posted. The HU pd list will remain fragmented on this topic if and

as individuals keep changing the topic name when subgroups/subtypes

are the person's topic. The topic could become a questionnaire.

Several moderators could screen for topic-related posts and log

them. Is the four-vector subgrouping sufficient? I think not.

1: A

clinico-pathological study of subtypes in Parkinson's disease.

Brain.

2009 Nov;132(Pt 11):2947-57.

academic.oup.com/brain/arti...

2: Rest

tremor revisited: Parkinson's disease and other disorders.

Transl

Neurodegener 2017 Jun 16;6:16.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/286...

3: Lower

levels of uric acid and striatal dopamine in non-tremor dominant

Parkinson's disease subtype.

PLoS One 2017 Mar

30;12(3):e0174644.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/283...

4: Common

variant rs356182 near SNCA defines a Parkinson's disease

endophenotype.

Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016 Nov 25;4(1):15-25.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/280...

5: Neuropathological

and genetic correlates of survival and dementia onset in

synucleinopathies: a retrospective analysis.

Lancet Neurol

2017 Jan;16(1):55-65.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/279...

6: A

Personalized Approach to Parkinson's Disease Patients Based on

Founder Mutation Analysis.

Front Neurol

2016 May 10;7:71.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/272...

7: Genetic

Architecture of MAPT Gene Region in Parkinson Disease Subtypes.

Front

Cell Neurosci 2016 Apr 11;10:96.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/271...

8. CSF

biomarkers associated with disease heterogeneity in early

Parkinson's disease: the Parkinson's Progression Markers

Initiative study.

Kang JH, Mollenhauer B, Coffey CS, Toledo JB, Weintraub D, Galasko

DR, Irwin DJ, Van Deerlin V, Chen-Plotkin AS, Caspell-Garcia C,

Waligórska T, Taylor P, Shah N, Pan S, Zero P, Frasier M, Marek K,

Kieburtz K, Jennings D, Tanner CM, Simuni T, Singleton A, Toga AW,

Chowdhury S, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM; Parkinson’s Progression Marker

Initiative.

Acta Neuropathol

2016 Jun;131(6):935-49.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/270...

"The level of α-syn, but not other biomarkers, was significantly

lower in PD patients with non-tremor-dominant phenotype compared

with tremor-dominant phenotype. In addition, in PD patients the

lowest Aβ1-42, or highest t-tau/Aβ1-42 and t-tau/α-syn quintile in

PD patients were associated with more severe non-motor dysfunction

compared with the highest or lowest quintiles, respectively. In a

multivariate regression model, lower α-syn was significantly

associated with worse cognitive test performance. APOE ε4 genotype

was associated with lower levels of Aβ1-42, but neither with PD

diagnosis nor cognition."

9: Biomarker-driven

phenotyping in Parkinson's disease: A translational missing link

in disease-modifying clinical trials.

Espay AJ et al: Mov Disord

2017 Mar;32(3):319-324.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/282...

10: Longitudinal

whole-brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement in nondemented

Parkinson's disease.

Neurobiol Aging

2017 Jul;55:78-90.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/284...

11: Modelling

idiopathic Parkinson disease as a complex illness can inform

incidence rate in healthy adults: the PR EDIGT score.

Eur

J Neurosci. 2017 Jan;45(1):175-191.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/278...

"Fifty-five years after the concept of dopamine replacement therapy

was introduced, Parkinson disease (PD) remains an incurable

neurological disorder. To date, no disease-modifying therapeutic has

been approved. The inability to predict PD incidence risk in healthy

adults is seen as a limitation in drug development, because by the

time of clinical diagnosis ≥ 60% of dopamine neurons have been lost.

We have designed an incidence prediction model founded on the

concept that the pathogenesis of PD is similar to that of many

disorders observed in ageing humans, i.e. a complex, multifactorial

disease. Our model considers five factors...."

12: Cerebrospinal

Fluid Amyloid β1-42, Tau, and Alpha-Synuclein Predict the

Heterogeneous Progression of Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's

Disease.

J Mov

Disord 2016 May;9(2):89-96.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/272...

13: Parkinson's

Disease: Assay of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Skin Biopsy for

Early Diagnosis and Association with Melanoma.

Brain Sci 2016 May

26;6(2). pii: E17.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/272...

14: Age at

onset and Parkinson disease phenotype.

Neurology 2016 Apr

12;86(15):1400-7.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/268...

15: Association

of Parkinson's Disease and Its Subtypes with Agricultural

Pesticide Exposures in Men: A Case-Control Study in France.

Environ

Health Perspect. 2015 Nov;123(11):1123-9.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/258...

16: Models

of α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson's disease.

Acta

Neuropathol Commun 2014 Dec 13;2:176.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/254...

17: Neural

substrates of cognitive subtypes in Parkinson's disease: a 3-year

longitudinal study.

PLoS One 2014 Oct

20;9(10):e110547.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/253...

18: Visual

dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Brain

2016 Jul 13. pii: aww175.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/274...

19: Co-morbidity

and polypharmacy in Parkinson's disease: insights from a large

Scottish primary care database.

McLean G, Hindle JV, Guthrie B, Mercer SW.

BMC Neurol 2017 Jul

1;17(1):126.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/286...

"Parkinson's disease is associated with substantial physical and

mental co-morbidity. Polypharmacy is also a significant issue due to

the complex nature of the disease and associated treatments."

[parkie13]

Lots of reading, thank you for posting

[Serenity_finaly-1]

I have been told that the form of Parkinson's I suffer from is very rare.

ASK YOUR QUESTIONS

[aspergerian in reply to Serenity_finaly-1]

Serenity_finaly-1 wrote: "I have been told that the form of Parkinson's I suffer from is very rare."

Please describe what makes your form rare.

[Serenity_finaly-1 in reply to aspergerian]

Last time I was with my friend Brian, he told me that he only knew 3 people like me. I think he was talking about Parkinson's and now that I am thinking about it and I hope he was talking about Parkinson's.

[Serenity_finaly-1 in reply to aspergerian]

Oh by the way Brian Baehr has probably met hundreds of people with Parkinson's.

[sharron2]

My husband was evaluated by a psychiatrist that specializes in neurodegenerative diseases. His ability to recognize objects was identified as one of the Parkinson's issues he has. Evidently when he sees something his brain does not identify it. So he misses objects in front of him somewhat. He has some mild short term memory issues that I notice, but he is still in the normal range of function. I am thankful for that as he is 4 years into his diagnosis.

He was told to talk to himself when he put things down, like I am putting my glasses on the table in the breakfast room. This is an attempt to engage his brain on more than a visual level to help recall and recognize where his stuff is.

He did have hallucinations on amantadine (started on to high a level),so we stopped that. It was fine with me as it is an anticholergenic drug and I was worried it might accelerate his short term memory issues.

Does anyone else have issues with visual disfunction that are not hallucinatory in nature?

[Serenity_finaly-1 in reply to sharron2]

I have had issues that were similar. My brain will see some thing on the floor and say " hey, that's your dog. Then I will take another look because I know that my dog is inside. Oh it's a land scape boulder.

I am now learning that my brain that use to make split minute decision can be wrong so I now have trained my brain to make sure that is actually what I am witnessing which means a delay. I can no longer make split decisions so when I drive I have been told that I drive like an old lady.... and that was from an old lady. I now make sure that there is at least 3 seconds between me and the car ahead of me. And I can't handle crowds or rush hour traffic.

[aspergerian in reply to Serenity_finaly-1]

Serenity_finaly-1,

Thank you for adding an important visual trait.

[aspergerian in reply to sharron2]

Sharron2,

Thank you for sharing an important aspect of visual disturbance.

[Serenity_finaly-1]

So I am probably the only person that obeys the speed limit, the 3 second rule and yellow means slow down.

dailymotion.com/video/x2ni8...

🎥 Taxi: Reverend Jim's driving test - Dailymotion

[Serenity_finaly-1]

My house is neutral ground. I am able to put in 1.5 hours of high activity with out drawing on reserves. The medication I am on keeps me going with out Physical impairment. I can run and even sew a button on a coat. As soon as I am out and about there is a mental fuel tank that starts depleting. I start to have problems thinking. Decision making becomes very exhausting. I will forget the names of people. Not long lost friends but my own family. Soon tremors start and then the muscles start tightening. Then pain. Not the type of pain that is relieved by opioids, muscle relaxers, or even Botox. Anti anxiety meds are the only thing that works. It only took 5 Years to figure that out. I am on the same dose of dopamine that I was on when I was first diagnosed. A lot of that I am sure was do to exercise but I can't control the over working of my mind. I have told my kids that it's my turn to be a teenager and they have to be the adults.

[Serenity_finaly-1]

The movie I would most associate with Parkinson's

m.youtube.com/watch?v=VnDfr...(Not working as expected?)

🎥 The Incredible Shrinking Man Trailer 1957 - YouTube

m.youtube.com/watch?v=YawNw...(Not working as expected?)

🎥 shrinking man [finale] - YouTube

[Hikoi]

Gosh a treasure trove of info. Thankyou -Aspergerian, now to make sense of it all!