Most persons think & propagate that Diabetes is a syndrome and not a disease. I totally disagree with it. Blood Sugar escalation is only the symptom of Diabetes; disease belongs to Pancreas (to be more precise Beta-cells).
Effect of Diabetes on subsystems &/or components of human body:
PRIMARY: (usually go unnoticed)
1.Blood sugar level exceeding upper limits (FBS >100 mg/dl, PPBS>140 mg/dl)
2.HbA1C increasing (normal range: 4.2% - 5.7%)
3.Cells being deprived of Oxygen & Glucose
SECONDARY: (obvious & leads to detection)
1.Frequent urination, persisting &/or unclenched thirst & repeating hunger.
2.Quick & unexplainable weight loss.
3.Persistent tire & fatigue unresolved even by food intakes and rest.
4.Possible misunderstanding among young couples sometimes leading to family breakdown due to diabetic sexual dysfunction
TERTIARY: (affecting quality of life & confidence)
1.Numbness in lower parts of legs (ankles & feet).
2.Even minor skin injuries developing to prolonged wounds.
3.Loss of sensation. (Even ant-bites on wounds being not sensed.)
4. Liver enlargement & associated/subsequent problems
FIERCE FINALE: Diabetic neuropathy sometimes culminating in:-
1.Diabetic gangrene of legs – leading to amputations.
2.Diabetic retinopathy – irreversible loss of sight.
3.Diabetic nephropathy – irreparable kidney damage.
4.Diabetic brain hemorrhage (Stroke )– lifelong total or partial paralysis.
5.Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (Silent Angina) – the FINAL event.
The beaten track of Diabetes management:
Starts with exercise & diet control (quantity restriction & Glycemic Index based food swapping) ... (Stage 1).
Progress to low dose medication usually ½ Tab once daily in addition to stage 1 practices ...(Stage 2).
Advance to higher doses of Tabs + Stage 1 practices ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...(Stage 3).
Switch to stronger Tabs in Stage 3 practices ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (Stage 4).
Progress further to INSULIN injection (initially once daily, then twice, thrice & finally with every meal) in addition to Stage 1 practices ... ... (Stage 5).
Then combination of a few of the above ... ... ... (Stage 6).
Combination (union) of all the above (diet control, exercise, tabs & insulin injections) ... (Stage 7).
Finally the UNSTABLE phase where prescribed dose of medicines pulls to hypoglycemia & reduced dose shoots the blood sugar up! (this topples the peace of mind as well as courage) ... (Stage 8).