A randomised single-centre trial of inhaled liposomal cyclosporine for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome post-lung transplantation.

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Outcomes after lung transplantation are poor due to bronchiolitis obliterans. Since bronchiolitis obliterans is not readily demonstrated by lung biopsies, the term bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is applied, defined as a sustained forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline. Treatments for bronchiolitis obliterans are poorly efficacious. When higher dosages of calcineurin inhibitors are given for improved immunosuppression, nephrotoxicity and opportunistic infections are limiting.

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