Smoking & ADT.

[pjoshea13]

New cell study from Japan below [1].

"Cigarette smoking is associated with worse outcomes in prostate cancer, whose growth is dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. We aimed to elucidate the biological effect of cigarette smoking on AR signaling and its clinical influence on oncological outcome."

"Cigarette smoking augments androgen receptor activity and promotes resistance to antiandrogen therapy."

"It was suggested that cigarette smoking leads to detrimental oncological outcome when prostate cancer patients are treated with ARAT {AR-axis-targeting} agents through induction of aberrant AR signaling. Accordingly, we recommend that patients with advanced prostate cancer should refrain from cigarette smoking."

-Patrick

[1] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/310...

Prostate. 2019 May 11. doi: 10.1002/pros.23828. [Epub ahead of print]

Cigarette smoking augments androgen receptor activity and promotes resistance to antiandrogen therapy.

Shiota M1, Ushijima M1, Imada K1, Kashiwagi E1, Takeuchi A1, Inokuchi J1, Tatsugami K1, Kajioka S1, Eto M1.

Author information

1

Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Cigarette smoking is associated with worse outcomes in prostate cancer, whose growth is dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. We aimed to elucidate the biological effect of cigarette smoking on AR signaling and its clinical influence on oncological outcome.

METHODS:

Gene expression levels after exposure to tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis in prostate cancer cells. Cellular sensitivities to enzalutamide and docetaxel after TSC exposure were evaluated using a prostate cancer cell proliferation assay. Prognosis was compared between current smokers and nonsmokers when treated with AR-axis-targeting (ARAT) agent enzalutamide and docetaxel.

RESULTS:

Expression of AR variants as well as prostate-specific antigen was augmented after TSC exposure, which occurred after Akt phosphorylation. These inductions were suppressed by Akt inhibitor LY294002 as well as antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Consistently, TSC exposure augmented cellular resistance to enzalutamide. In clinical data, cigarette smoking was associated with worse progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival when patients with prostate cancer were treated with ARAT agents but not docetaxel.

CONCLUSIONS:

It was suggested that cigarette smoking leads to detrimental oncological outcome when prostate cancer patients are treated with ARAT agents through induction of aberrant AR signaling. Accordingly, we recommend that patients with advanced prostate cancer should refrain from cigarette smoking.

© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

KEYWORDS:

cigarettes; docetaxel; enzalutamide; prostate cancer; smoking

PMID: 31077419 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23828

[NPfisherman]

Thanks, Patrick...that is why I gave up my occasional cigar--Padrons, Montecristo's, Tabak Especials... sadly....nice with an Irish coffee and some Kahlua..

Fish

[pilot52 in reply to NPfisherman]

Yuppers, sitting at the Copa or National in Havana having a fresh Cohiba with some great rum neat with a cold beer...! Now I smoke memories and do ground loops....!!!Pura Vida everyone and Blue Skies GSK ...

[curious-mind1 in reply to NPfisherman]

But occasional, once-a-month cigar probably won't have any detrimental effect, right? I'm trying to convince myself to continue my once monthly pipe smoking meditation

[pjoshea13 in reply to curious-mind1]

Everyone has a theory as to why they have PCa, or what the greatest PCa risk is. My bugbear is cadmium. I have written about this in detail, but there is a specific tobacco connection. The tobacco plant is good at taking up cadmium from the soil.

"A single cigarette typically contains 1-2 mcg of cadmium. When burned, cadmium is present at a level of 1,000-3,000 ppb in the smoke. Approximately 40 to 60 percent of the cadmium inhaled from cigarette smoke is able to pass through the lungs and into the body." [1]

The prostate preferentially takes up cadmium. Cadmium is a zinc antagonist. With a significant level of zinc in the diet, cadmium can be neutralized. Low levels of zinc are associated with PCa.

Will a "once-a-month cigar ... have any detrimental effect"? Probably not. Go for it.

-Patrick

[1] verywellmind.com/cadmium-in...

[NPfisherman in reply to pjoshea13]

Patrick... appreciate your input....at this time I have 6 months undetectable PSA and wish to continue that...I do take zinc caps 50 mg from LE ...the reason why I don't smoke is it is early in the war, and I am unsure that this will hold although hopeful... It is sad to open the humidor, add humidor solution, smell the wonderful tobacco smells of various cigars, and then....close the lid....if there is ever a cure, I will meet everyone somewhere with two humidors of fine cigars and everyone can have a smoke on me until they run out.....

Fish

[curious-mind1 in reply to pjoshea13]

Thanks, Patrick. Wow, never knew about the cadmium connection, but it makes sense.

I'm gonna enjoy my occasional pipe with fine Virginia tobacco

And I'm guessing, I should also keep my zinc levels at the appropriate level.

Arthur

[Hidden]

Also causes cancer.

[whatsinaname in reply to Hidden]

You mean "lung" cancer ??

[pjoshea13 in reply to whatsinaname]

See my response to curious-mind on cadmium [Cd]/tobacco.

"High exposure to Cd can lead to lung cancer and prostate cancer ..." [1]

-Patrick

[1] sciencedirect.com/science/a...

[whatsinaname in reply to pjoshea13]

Thanks, Patrick.....that was more of a rhetorical question to carlo8686.

[Hidden in reply to whatsinaname]

Quit in 93. Can still taste them in my mind. My favorite was pall mall. Oh yeah I quit because I couldn’t breathe

[j-o-h-n]

Only time I smoke a cigar is when I can pre-dip it A-LA-CLINTON....

Good Luck, Good Health and Good Humor.

j-o-h-n Monday 05/13/2019 8:27 PM DST

[rococo]

The way I read this is that n acetylcysteine conteracts the effects cigarette smoking??

[pjoshea13 in reply to rococo]

Don't go there! LOL.

NAC is almost always an effective antioxidant - i.e. it takes a very high dose to turn it into a pro-oxidant. Many supplement studies use NAC to prove that the supplement effect must have been due to the generation of ROS. A dash of NAC negates the benefits. Such studies prove that the anti-cancer effect only occurs when the supplement dosage is pro-oxidant.

NAC is definitely not to be used with conventional treatments that increase ROS.

And for anyone who nevertheless uses NAC, there is no point in using high-dose polyphenols.

The smart money is on ROS generation, but NAC has its fans. Due diligence should be used before using NAC - IMO.

-Patrick

[SsgCulldelight]

Smoking is Badd for you PERIOD. However Know that everyone is different, not support such an idea, but people smoke and never get any repercussions behind their activity, cancer patients stroke whatever, that does not mean to Smoke just because your cousin still does at 90 and they have prostate issues. Do the work and do your due diligence, take care of yourself, because only you can help you feel and be better.