Hyperthermia (HT) has been used for decades as a sensitizer for chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT), and recent research suggests it could also improve responses to emerging cancer therapies.
HT influences key oncogenic pathways and the cancer-immunity cycle, making tumors more immunogenic by increasing immune cell infiltration, antigen presentation, and inflammatory signaling.
It can also enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), and VEGF inhibitors, although effects on angiogenesis remain complex. HT induces DNA damage, stress responses, and neoantigen formation, potentially improving responses to IT.
Clinical research on HT combined with IT/TT is still limited, and further studies are needed to validate its therapeutic potential and refine treatment parameters.
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