Carcinogenesis. 2014 Dec;35(12):2815-21. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu216. Epub 2014 Oct 17.
Peanut agglutinin appearance in the blood circulation after peanut ingestion mimics the action of endogenous galectin-3 to promote metastasis by interaction with cancer-associated MUC1.
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK andDepartment of Pharmacology, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China.
2
Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China.
3
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK andDepartment of Pharmacology, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China lgyu@liv.ac.uk.
Abstract
Peanut agglutinin (PNA), which accounts for ~0.15% of the weight of the common peanut, is a carbohydrate-binding protein that binds the oncofoetal Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) disaccharide (galactoseβ1,3N-acetylgalactosamineα-) that is overexpressed by ~90% of human cancers. Previous studies have shown that PNA is highly resistant to cooking and digestion and rapidly enters the human blood circulation after peanut ingestion. This study investigates the hypothesis that PNA appearance in the circulation after peanut ingestion may mimic the actions of endogenous TF-binding human galectin-3 in metastasis promotion. It shows that PNA at concentrations similar to those found in blood circulation after peanut ingestion increases cancer cell heterotypic adhesion to the blood vascular endothelium and enhances the formation of tumour cell homotypic aggregates, two important steps in the metastasis cascade, and enhances metastasis in a mouse metastasis model. These effects of PNA are shown to result from its interaction with the cancer-associated TF disaccharide on the transmembrane mucin protein MUC1, causing MUC1 cell surface polarization that reveals underlying cell surface adhesion molecules. Thus, PNA appearance in the blood circulation after peanut ingestion mimics the actions of endogenous galectin-3 and promotes cancer cell metastatic spread by interaction with cancer-associated TF/MUC1. As metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-associated fatality, regular consumption of peanuts by cancer patients would therefore be expected to have an adverse effect on cancer survival.
It's only a lab study. I came across this paper when I was looking into whether pulses might be the cause of problems I've got with my bowels. It seems that the lectins in most pulses are reduced by boiling, sprouting and fermenting but peanuts might be a problem.
How much peanuts they fed the mouse ? Researchers feed 100+ times of peanuts to poor mice and come up with faulty conclusions. Peanuts in moderation is not harmful.. its a food full of good nutrition. Don't believe this mice study.
I suspect my ingestion of peanuts and peanut butter is above what most would consider moderate.
Okay, it's totally off the charts.
Maybe that's why I'm Stage 4 now. Oh well, something is going to get us eventually so I'm going to keep on going as before. In 10 years there will probably be a report of how peanuts keep us alive longer. Live, love, laugh. We're not getting out of here alive anyway.
I eat peanut butter every day of my life - it's one of my four basic food groups (the others being apricot jam, whole wheat bread, and milk). Wait - also pie, so that's five basic food groups. Any day now I'm gonna read that rhubarb causes cancer. Why not? Everything else does. Am I the only one who's read the studies showing how cancer is caused by getting up on the wrong side of the bed in the morning? And that peanut butter is the best med for that particular cancer? One hand giveth, the other hand taketh away.
I’m a peanut butter guy too, just about everyday, crunchy all natural with fresh fruit in a WW wrap with a good cup of ice coffee - it’s my jam, ain’t stopping!
I like eating peanuts as a snack as they do not affect my blood sugar that much and I think they actually reduce it. I am not diabetic but it is higher than average.
So swings and roundabouts; up with the nasty metastase inducing peanut proteins, down with the nasty cancer feeding blood glucose!
Well this explains a lot. I’ve been feeding crushed peanuts to the large flock of assorted birds in my back yard . Mostly doves. I’ve noticed a number of them have large protrusions in their front .... maybe those are peanut induced / promoted tumors. Wow ...
And all this time I had suspected they had gotten so fat they couldn’t fly much anymore and were more like chickens. Too lazy and fat to fly off and look for food elsewhere. When they get hungry they come right up on the back deck and peck on my sliding glass doors and I go right out and feed them. “ boy “ , do I have those birds trained or what ... huh ....?
On the plus side I do have a couple of 15” super friendly hawks that fly over to “ Kaliber’s Avian Diner “ for the daily special ....now and then.
Never thought that peanuts would promote chordate cancer tho ..... who knew ???
I found the full peanut paper on Google scholar and flicked through it. It was an in vitro and mice study using colon cancer cells. I searched for a relevant prostate cancer study and found the one below which links Galectin-3 to metastasis. Galectin-3 is what the peanut lectin PNA was found to mimic in the first paper.
The Role of Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen in Adhesion of Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells to the Endothelium
Vladislav V. Glinsky, Gennadi V. Glinsky, Kate Rittenhouse-Olson, Margaret E. Huflejt, Olga V. Glinskii, Susan L. Deutscher and Thomas P. Quinn
DOI: Published June 2001
ArticleFigures & DataInfo & Metrics PDF
Abstract
Interactions of metastatic cancer cells with vasculatory endothelium are critical during early stages of cancer metastasis. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these interactions is essential for the development of new efficacious cancer therapies. Here we demonstrate that cancer-associated carbohydrate T antigen plays a leading role in docking breast and prostate cancer cells onto endothelium by specifically interacting with endothelium-expressed β-galactoside-binding protein, galectin-3. Importantly, T antigen-bearing glycoproteins are also capable of mobilizing galectin-3 to the surface of endothelial cells, thus priming them for harboring metastatic cancer cells. The T antigen-mediated, tumor-endothelial cell interactions could be efficiently disrupted using synthetic compounds either mimicking or masking this carbohydrate structure. High efficiency of T antigen-mimicking and T antigen-masking inhibitors of tumor cell adhesion warrants their further development into antiadhesive cancer therapeutics.
I asked my Dr. my Urologist, My Oncologist and my postman. No of them said anything about peanuts or peanut butter being bad for PCa... come to think of it non of them said anything about any foods even when asked. So it must be okay yeah? Just saying...
I came across this study which is more recent, Sept 2019 and involved 57,000 men over 20 years as opposed to mice! though strangely they conclude:-
No significant associations were observed for tree nuts and peanuts for total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer risk. Peanut butter consumption was associated with a significantly increased risk of non-advanced prostate cancer but not with total or advanced prostate cancer.
You would have to wonder why are peanuts ok but not peanut butter, perhaps it’s all the s!!t ingredients in a jar that’s the problem and maybe peanut butter containing crushed peanuts only is ok. And, why was there no effect for those with advanced prostate cancer.
Total nut, tree nut, peanut, and peanut butter intake and the risk of prostate cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study.
Boudewijns EA1,2, Nieuwenhuis L3, Geybels MS4, van den Brandt PA1,4.
Author information
1
Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
2
Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
3
Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. l.nieuwenhuis@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
4
GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The consumption of nuts has been associated with a reduction of cancer risk, but only a few studies have examined the effects of nuts on prostate cancer risk. The current study prospectively investigated the association between the consumption of total nuts, tree nuts, peanuts, and peanut butter and the risk of total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer.
METHODS:
The association between nuts and prostate cancer was evaluated in the Netherlands Cohort Study, which was conducted among 58,279 men aged 55-69 year at baseline. A case-cohort approach was used for data processing and analyses. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 3868 incident prostate cancer cases and 1979 subcohort members were available for multivariable Cox regression analyses.
RESULTS:
For total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer, no significant associations were found for total nuts (total prostate cancer: hazard ratio (HR) (95%CI) for 10+ g/day vs. non-consumers = 1.09 (0.92-1.29), Ptrend = 0.409). No significant associations were observed for tree nuts and peanuts for total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer risk. Peanut butter consumption was associated with a significantly increased risk of non-advanced prostate cancer (HR (95%CI) for 5+ g/day vs. non-consumers = 1.33 (1.08-1.63), Ptrend = 0.008), but not with total or advanced prostate cancer.
CONCLUSIONS:
No significant associations were found between total nut, tree nut, and peanut consumption and total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer. Peanut butter might be associated with an increased non-advanced prostate cancer risk.
The peanut consumptions in the above study are quite small compared with the mice study which used a human equivalent consumption of 200 gm.
Another reason not to consume a lot of peanuts might be because they contain a lot of omega 6, unless you consume a lot of omega 3 to balance it, see paper below.
A low dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 Fatty acids may delay progression of prostate cancer.
Apte SA1, Cavazos DA, Whelan KA, Degraffenried LA.
Author information
1
Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78723-3092, USA.
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Studies show that consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulates the development and progression of prostate cancer. High amounts of omega-6 fatty acids have been linked with increased prostate cancer risk, whereas omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to inhibit PCa growth. However, because omega-3 and omega-6 are both essential fatty acids and part of a complete diet, it is more relevant to determine the ideal ratio of the two that would allow patients to benefit from the therapeutic properties of omega-3 fatty acids. LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with dietary-based ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids under hormone-deprivation conditions, and effects on various cellular processes were determined. A low omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratio can delay the progression of cells toward castration-resistance by suppressing pathways involved in prostate cancer progression, such as the Akt/mTOR/NFκB axis. It also suppresses the expression of cyclin D1, and activation of caspase-3 and annexin V staining shows induction of proapoptotic events. Taken together, our data demonstrates that maintaining a low omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio can enhance efficacy of hormone ablation therapy.
Yeah, interesting, perhaps the daily dose of peanut butter is too much, more sardines on toast for breaky and a vegamite sandwich for lunch, plus of course plenty of Vegies and fruit.
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