New study from the "North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP)"
The association of calcium/milk with aggressive PCa goes back 20 years (Giovannucci [2]), and the authors linked calcium [Ca] from any source to suppression of active hormonal vitamin D:
"dairy products are the
major source of calcium, their overall effect is to suppress
1,25(OH)2D levels"
It's an important paper for me because it associated fructose with less advanced PCa:
"Dietary fructose can reduce plasma phos
phate levels by 30 to 50% for more than 3 h due to the rapid shift of
phosphate from the extracellular to intracellular compartment"
"reductions in circulating phosphate increase 1,25(OH)2D levels ap
preciably"
I use fructose in my coffee.
Much less appreciated is the importance of magnesium [Mg]. See my post of 2 years ago:
"Foods/Supplements-Vitamins: Magnesium".
From a 2011 paper [3]:
"Serum Mg levels were significantly lower, while the Ca/Mg ratio was significantly higher, among high-grade cases vs. controls .., respectively). Elevated Mg was significantly associated with a lower risk of high-grade prostate cancer (OR = 0.26 ...). An elevated Ca/Mg ratio was also associated with an increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer (OR = 2.81 ... adjusted for serum Ca and Mg). In contrast, blood Ca levels were not significantly associated with prostate cancer or PIN. Mg, Ca, or Ca/Mg levels were not associated with low-grade cancer, PIN, PSA levels, prostate volume, or BPH treatment."
From the new study:
"Calcium and dairy product intakes have been positively associated with prostate cancer risk. An imbalance in concentrations of calcium and magnesium has been associated with multiple chronic diseases, although few studies have examined the relation with prostate cancer aggressiveness."
"There was a positive association across tertiles of dietary Ca:Mg intake, with odds of high-aggressive prostate cancer in the upper tertiles":
1 = 1.00 (reference)
2 = 1.38
3 = 1.46
"more pronounced in African American men"
"Men who reported the highest daily consumption of whole-fat milk had a 74% increased odds of high-aggressive prostate cancer compared with non-whole-fat milk drinkers, which was attenuated after adjustment for potential mediating factors, such as saturated fat and Ca:Mg intake."
The 74% increased risk with whole-fat milk was attenuated after adjustment for Ca:Mg. However, I don't believe that the fat carries calcium. Other studies have found higher risk with skim milk.
Strange to compare whole-fat with non-whole-fat drinkers? Perhaps "non" includes those who drink no milk as well as those who drink 0% & 2%?
-Patrick
[1] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/297...