Regarding the first reference, N-acetyl-glucosamine kinase is not the same as N-acetyl-glucosamine: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-ace...
The third reference is favorable. However, here is a study that finds N-acetyl-glucosamine unfavorable: faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.c...
Increased O-GlcNAcylation Attenuates Autophagic Flux, Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Leads to Accumulation of Alpha-Synuclein in Neurons
" found significantly increased O-GlcNAcylation levels in PD brains compared to control. Whether increased O-GlcNAcylation affects neuronal function and survival was then tested in rat primary cortical neurons. We found that thiamet G... significantly increased protein O-GlcNAcylation, decreased autophagic flux, decreased mitochondrial complex IV activities, increased accumulation of mitochondrial peroxynitrite, and led to an increased α-synuclein accumulation. To confirm our results in vivo, ... We found that dnOGA synaptosomes exhibited increased O-GlcNAcylation, decreased mitochondrial function, increased α-synuclein, and accumulation of autophagosomes. Taken together we proposed that a significant increase of O-GlcNAcylation levels in PD brains may contribute to impairment of neuronal bioenergetics and attenuation of autophagic activities and accumulation of α-synuclein."
Alpha-synuclein is a sticky protein that clumps in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a sugar-like molecule, can modify (become attached to) alpha-synuclein in a process called glycosylation. This raises the possibility that the number of modifications -- O-GlcNAc molecules attached to a single alpha-synuclein protein -- may, in turn, affect alpha-synuclein clumping. We have used chemical methods to produce alpha-synuclein with one O-GlcNAc modification. We found that this modification can completely block clumping, making alpha-synuclein less toxic in vitro. Finally, we discovered that O-GlcNAc prevents clumping by blocking the entry of new individual alpha-synuclein proteins into a growing clump. Together, these findings indicate that drugs that increase the number of O-GlcNAc modifications could slow the progression of PD.”
The one you linked to is post mortem and rats and mice. MJFF was just a test tube.
The third I posted which was “favorable” is the most recent, Stanford 2018.
It is okay for what it is but it does not carry the same level of confidence as a study published in a peer-reviewed journal. Be that as it may, we have got conflicting information here. I am in no position to judge which parties have it right. Under these circumstances I could not recommend taking this substance.
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