"Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Due to sulforaphane’s small molecular weight and its relatively high lipophilicity, it is rapidly absorbed in the jejunum across the enteric cells after oral administration (Petri et al. 2003). It reaches the highest concentrations in plasma 3 h after consumption (approximately 0.9 μmol/L), and slowly decreases after the second hour, having an approximate half-life of 2.2 h (Hanlon et al. 2008; Hu et al. 2004; Cramer and Jeffery 2011). When SFN is in the cells, it is metabolized by phase II and III enzymes, for example, glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form conjugated products such as sulforaphane-glutathione (SFN-GSH), sulforaphane-cysteine (SFN-Cys), sulforaphane N-acetyl cysteine (SFN-NAC), and sulforaphane-cysteinyl-glycine (SFN-CG), which are thought to be important for the activation of several SFN biological effects (Clarke et al. 2011). The primary sulforaphane metabolism sites are the intestinal walls; the liver, where it is conjugated with GSH; the kidney, where it is conjugated with NAC; and the bladder (Verkerk et al. 2009) and is accumulated mainly in those same organs, and in lower concentrations in plasma, skin, and lung tissues (Bricker et al. 2014). The excretion rate is higher at the 6th hour after administration (Atwell et al. 2015), excreting in urine SFN-NAC as a principal metabolite, and total elimination is reached in the 12th hour post-ingestion (Cramer and Jeffery 2011)."
In previous posts we have talked about how sulforaphane may amplify the circadian rhythm and therefore needs to be administered at a specific time (or else we may be counteracting our circadian rhythm). There was also a concern about the half life of sulforaphane being too long and lingering to mess with our circadian rhythm. if this paper is right, well maybe that is not a concern.
So... this makes me think if I take my sulforaphane early...
Take it at 8 AM and it will hit peak at 11 AM, be at half strength at 1 PM, and only a quarter strength at 3 PM. I don't know how long it is from peak plasma level to affecting clock genes and then amplifying the circadian rhythm. I'm hoping that part is quick (hope is not a plan).
I am trying to get up with the sun. Tomorrow dawn is 7:20 AM, so I will put my Koyah near my alarm clock and see if I can get the sprouts into me at near dawn.
I've gone to just tossing 2 grams of Koyah freeze dried broccoli sprouts in my mouth and having a tiny sip of water in the morning. I have no idea how much sulforaphane I am getting this way, but it makes the timing really easy.
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Bolt_Upright
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So BROQ is Sulforaphane while Koyah is Glucoraphanin and Myrosinase. Sulforaphane is 70% absorbed, Glucoraphanin and Myrosinase is 30%. Hence wriga 's cooking method to get the Sulforaphane in the cup.
But cooking takes time and makes timing difficult.
Which brings me back to asking: What if I cook my broccoli tea the day before, but then add the mustard powder in the morning before drinking it? I could pull a small jar out of the fridge, add some mustard powder and shake it up, then go about my business for10 minutes, and then drink it down. Would that work?
I'm a bit confused by the fact that the BROQ compare page says with Koyah I get .36 mg per dose, but the report says I get 3.6 mg from 3.4 grams of powder.
I've actually been doing closer to 2 grams, so I'm either getting .2 mg or 2 mg of sulforaphane, but I think I could boost that (per Albert) if I went back to cooking it.
I think I will try my cooking, then refrigerating before adding mustard in the morning plan until I get this fully sorted. I am hoping to find a way to surpass 18 mg but do it on the cheap. Thanks.
Hi folks, this is a very interesting post, made even more interesting by the link to the comparative tables added by Marc. I reccomend downloading these tables. The results are striking but not really surprising when you understand the science. I will ask Jed Fahey to comment on them. They are pretty well in line what Jed describes in his latest publications. We have to be a bit careful however because of how the tests were done, since the method used does not reflect the actual content of the products. The content of the gelules were added to water and allowed to react for 2 hours. They don't mention the temperature, but this is critical.
At room temperature, glucoraphanin will be converted in mostly to a nitrile compound rather than sulforaphane, due to the action of the ESP protein naturally present in broccoli seeds. Moreover at 20°C only part of the glucoraphanin will be extracted into the water even in 2 hours. The unextracted part is therefore not reported, but would normally be extracted during the digestive process.
At 60°C, much more glucoraphanin will be extracted into the water and the ESP protein will be deactivated but the myrosinase, if present will still be active. This is the optimum conversion temperature.
At 100°C the maximum amount of glucoraphanin will be extracted even in a few minutes, but both the ESP protein and the myrosinase will be destroyed, so the glucoraphanin will not be converted to sulforaphane.
In my Broccoli seed tea preparation, I now extract at 100°C for 5 minutes and then allow this tea to cool to just below 60C. I then add fresh myrosinase by sprinkling a little ground white mustard seed powder into the tea and wait 10 min for the conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane. This optimizes the extraction of glucoraphanin (100°C) and then its conversion to sulforaphane when cooled to 60°C or lower.
Hi wriga, stupid question, but this is how my brain works: We always say "let it cool to 60 degrees". I usually add cool water to get it to 60 degrees. Adding cool water is the same as letting it cool, right? Thanks!
Hi Bolt, yes that should work, but I would not add mustard powder to cold tea from the fridge. I would first warm it up to 60° to get the fastest conversion rate.
Glad I check in from time to time - I see that BROCQ is the US version of Prostaphane. I had been hoping they would start selling it in the US. I will have to try it, esp. since I am gagging on the smoothie I just made. Late in the day already - I want to do it in the morning going forward. I made the tea out of sprouts as per Rhonda Patrick's video, then I added some mustard seed to the blender for good measure (usually I don't). ... not sure I can finish it ...
Also good news as perhaps my daughter can try BROCQ; she's allergic to a lot of things and is not able to stomach even a plain broccoli sprout smoothie.
Trying to study and understand this new (to me) supplement that could help PD, am I correct after reading this banter between you, Albert, and others, that Koyah capsules aren't going to work similar to the glucoraphanin and myrosinase did in the studies because of the necessary temperatures to create the proper activation and %'s? And because both substances are already in the capsule, you can't make it happen?
- Koyah is not capsules. Koyah is freeze dried broccoli sprouts and I think having a scoop of this will do in a pinch if you do not have fresh broccoli sprouts available. I just throw a scoop in my mouth (but almost never as I always have fresh sprouts available). Here is a link: amazon.com/gp/product/B082Z...
- Capsules? I don't have a lot of faith in them, and they cost a LOT.
- The whole thing about temperature is for the broccoli seed tea. I never got into the broccoli seed tea (I made Koyah freeze dried sprouts tea for a while). There are people on this forum that are experts on the BST (broccoli seed tea), but I am not one of them.
- I'm not sure which studies you are referring to. Most of the studies I have read don't apply heat at all. They either just eat broccoli sprouts or blend broccoli sprouts into a drink.
- You are correct that glucoraphanin and myrosinase combine to make sulforaphane. I just eat about a cup and a half or two cups of fresh sprouts every morning. I eat them on an empty stomach so the glucoraphanin and myrosinase can combine to make sulforaphane in my stomach.
- One thing I know about the BST and the heating it is that this should make sulforaphane in the glass before you ingest it. Some people don't have the enzymes needed to make sulforaphane in their stomachs, or don't have as much as they need. I "think" almost everybody has "some" of the enzyme, and I think I read that if you keep eating broccoli sprouts, over time your body will acquire more of this enzyme. I have been eating sprouts for over 2 years now. Hopefully I have the enzymes
Thank you Bolt. I did get the Koyah, it is now available in capsules, which is what I purchased, and yes, expensive! $50 for 150 caps, 5 per serving (equals 1/4 cup sprouts). So if one were to take the equivalent of your minimum dose of sprouts in these capsules, (30), the bag would only last 5 days! That's pretty darned expensive in my book! I think I may return them, as they are still unopened.
I thought they might be an alternative to making the tea, but I'm not sure the desired effect will happen, because of that temperature requirement. I have since learned from one of the BST "experts" here how to properly make the tea . A bit of a learning curve and a small investment for supplies and equipment. Not as easy as downing 2 cups of sprouts, which I may try first because I happen to like sprouts, although not sure I still would after a large daily dose like you are "enjoying"!
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Parkin, glutamate, NAC, mitophagy
