I'm paraphrasing here because Victor Herbert wrote in a lot of places of the stages of b12 deficiency and I'm trying to make it as clear as possible -
"Dementia, depression and poor attention span may be early symptoms.
Stage 1 is early deficiency with Holotc II lower than 60pg (sorry, no serum b12 levels given)
Stage 2 - serum b12 lower than 300pg and Holotc II 40pg
Stage 3 - (before anaemia - Victor's statement not mine) Potentially irreversible demylination of spinal cord, brain optic and peripheral nerves progressing to sub acute.
Stage 4 - Megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia."
Scary ain't it. Particularly since doctors seem to be looking for the anaemia before they will be convinced patients are ill.
... and of course taking into consideration the fact the anaemia can be masked.
Paraphrased from the Victor Herbert.com website.