SPM - Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators in Reducing Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders & gut barrier permiability

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DiscussionBoth AD and PD preclinical studies discussed here suggest a dysregulation of the SPM levels and their receptors in disease condition as compared to healthy individuals. In both conditions, several studies suggest a benefit from administration of SPMs in various models (Table 1). SPMs hold great promise for neuroprotection in AD by altering gene expression of pro-inflammatory genes, modulating macrophage function, serving as a biomarker for AD status, and promoting resolution of neuroinflammation. In PD, data from in vitro, in vivo, and observational studies suggest SPM are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, inhibit microglial activation and decrease induced markers of inflammation, possibly as a result of their ability to downregulate NFκB signaling pathways (Xu et al., 2013, 2017; Tian et al., 2015). Further, treatment with these lipid-derived mediators may improve behavioral deficit as a result of the protection of DA neurons and prevents the onset of PD by attenuating neuroinflammation

frontiersin.org/articles/10...

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Special pro-resolving mediator (SPM) actions in regulating gastrointestinal inflammation and gut mucosal immune responses

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl...

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Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators: A new class of non-immunosuppressive and non-opioid analgesic drugs

sciencedirect.com/science/a...

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Resolvin-g Parkinson’s disease science.org/doi/full/10.112...

"The findings from this study support the critical involvement of inflammation in PD. The authors show that patients with early PD had central and peripheral RvD1 impairment, suggesting that RvD1 could be therapeutically exploited as diagnostic biomarker. Treatment with RvD1 promoted resolution of α-syn–induced neuroinflammation, ameliorating neurophysiological and motor deficits. These findings have so far been limited to a rat model, but they suggest translational potential for the development of proresolving therapies for human neuroinflammatory disease."