1Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Syiah Kuala, Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; 2Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Correspondence: Jufriady Ismy Jl. Tgk Daud Beureueh No. 108, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Email jufriadyismy@unsyiah.ac.id
Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of exogenous SOD administration on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway by examining the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), caspase-3, and apoptosis index of the PC-3 cell line.
Methods: We used the prostate cancer cells from secondary prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3) derived from castration refractory prostate cancer (CRPC), cell differentiation grade IV, and had metastasized to the bone from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is derived from extracts of melon seeds and wheat gliadin biopolymer, and divided into 62.5 mg/mL, 83 mg/mL, 125 mg/mL, and 250 mg/mL doses. Expression of MnSOD was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression of caspase-3 was measured using Western Blot method. Apoptotic index is calculated based on the reaction introduction 3OH end of fragmentation of DNA by the enzyme terminal transferase in preparations with TUNEL staining reagents. A one-way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation test were used to determine the relationship between SOD with expression of caspase-3 and apoptotic index.
Results: SOD extract significantly increased the expression of caspase-3 (P=0.016) and the apoptotic index (P=0.000) (P< 0.05). There was a correlation between the increased doses of SOD extract and the apoptosis index (P=0.015; r=0.679) and between the increased caspase-3 expression and the apoptosis index (P=0.015; r=0.682).
Conclusion: Administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased apoptosis in a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) through the increased expression of caspase-3. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) can be considered as a therapy for late-stage prostate cancer that had been progressed to hormone resistant and metastasized and promote apoptosis in those prostate cancer cells.
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Graham49
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I don't know the answer, especially with regard to PCa. Nalakrats might have a better idea.
Lots of supplement companies sell it so I guess quite a lot is being sold. I guess most people are using it for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, see below from Webmd.
Uses & Effectiveness?
Possibly Effective for
Osteoarthritis. Giving superoxide dismutase with a needle into the joint helps to reduce pain in people with osteoarthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Giving superoxide dismutase with a needle into the joint helps to reduce pain and stiffness in people with RA.
Likely InEffective for
Heart attack. Giving superoxide dismutase with a needle does not seem to help to reduce heart damage after a heart attack.
Insufficient Evidence for
A lung disease that affects newborns (bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Early research suggests that giving superoxide dismutase with a needle to premature infants with lung problems reduces some symptoms.
An open sore (ulcer) on the cornea of the eye. Early research suggests that a specific eye solution of superoxide dismutase might help reduce ulcer size and improve healing when applied to the eye for at least 2 weeks.
Painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis). Early research suggests that giving superoxide dismutase with a needle does not help reduce pain in people with painful bladder syndrome.
Pneumonia. Early research suggests that giving superoxide dismutase with a needle does not improve lung function in people with a type of lung problem known as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
Scarring of tissue caused by radiation therapy. Early research shows that applying superoxide dismutase cream to the skin does not seem to reduce the scarring caused by radiation therapy.
Stress. Early research suggests that taking superoxide dismutase reduces stress by a small amount.
Sports injuries.
Gout.
Cancer.
Neck pain.
Nerve pain in people with diabetes (diabetic neuropathy).
Preventing rejection after kidney transplant.
Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of superoxide dismutase for these uses.
Complex control systems from epigenetic factors control MnSOD and much else relating to cancer and oxidative stress and damage to mitochondria and DNA. These effect accumulation of genetic damage and repair which is central to cancer progression (all cancers), and also to aging and senescence.
These systems are all favorably influenced through Sirtuin and AMPK pathways by: caloric restriction (hard), intermittent fasting (not hard), high intensity interval training (HIIT), brief exposures to cold temps, ketogenic diet (via Beta hydroxy butyrate, a ketone), metformin, resveratrol and other factors.
I am going to post on this separately soon, an epigenetic program to protect the genome, cellular health and hopefully, longevity.
Suggest you might find my recent post on serum total thiol levels of interest. Various studies including cohort studies indicate that thiol levels are correlated with heart disease, cancer and overall morbidity and that thiol levels decrease with age due to oxidative stress. These studies provide a rationale for supplementing with SOD and other antioxidants.
SOD is a protein and, like all proteins which are consumed orally, is broken down in the digestive system into its constituent amino acids .... this is one reason why lab SOD experimental results might be so promising but oral SOD administration experimental results are so poor. Digestive system breakdown is also one reason (low absorption is another) why certain medications can only be given IV.
•Superoxide dismutase (SOD) supplementation is a current approach for mammalian health enhancement.
•Oral administration of encapsulated SOD has shown pharmacological significance in animals and humans.
•Underutilized plants could serve as the source of SOD and soluble dietary fiber.
•Soluble dietary fiber has the potential to be used as encapsulating agent for SOD.
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme functional for physiological defense strategies in animals and plants against free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from biotic and abiotic stress. Supplementation of SOD from plants in mammalian diet is a new approach in terms of health improvement against pathological conditions. There is a research gap about the feasibility of including plant-derived SOD in animal diet as health enhancer due to poor bioavailability upon oral administration. Commercially available wheat gliadin encapsulated melon SOD has been proven to enhance mammalian health, but gluten/gliadin intolerance in certain animals and human may limit its marketability. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the sources of SOD from underutilized plants and potential encapsulation of SOD using soluble dietary fibers to be incorporated in animal diet as health enhancing supplements. This review provides a sustainable solution for the development of therapeutic approaches in agricultural industry.
Some SOD may get into the body to cause effects but a significant amount is likely to be degraded by the digestive system because SOD, like Glutathione (the body's major anti-oxidant), is a protein. This is one reason why bioavailability is poor. Digestive breakdown also explains why injection of many substances nearly always has greater effects than oral administration.
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