New study below.
Fibrinogen circulates in the blood in readiness for clot formation. It requires the release of the enzyme thrombin for it to be converted into the fibrin strands that form a clot.
Fibrinogen above the normal range is associated with inflammation. It is one of the inflammatory markers associated with increased mortality in many settings. Inflammation is a treatable condition.
Nattokinase not only dissolves unwanted clots, but it also reduces fibrinogen levels.
In the new study:
"Elevated pretreatment plasma fibrinogen is associated with poorer survival in prostate cancer (OS {overall survival}: HR=2.26 ... CSS {cancer-specific survival}: HR=2.42" ...
-Patrick
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/307...
J Cancer. 2019 Jan 1;10(2):479-487. doi: 10.7150/jca.26989. eCollection 2019.
The Prognostic Value of Pretreatment Plasma Fibrinogen in Urological Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Song H1,2,3, Kuang G2,3, Zhang Z1,2,3, Ma B1,2,3, Jin J1,2,3, Zhang Q1,2,3.
Author information
1
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
2
Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
3
National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.
Abstract
Objective: Growing evidence suggests pretreatment fibrinogen can serve as a prognostic marker in various malignancies. However, there are contradictory results about the prognostic role of fibrinogen in urological cancers. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between pretreatment plasma fibrinogen and survival outcomes in urological cancers. Methods: After a systematic search of PubMed and Embase, we included 14 studies in our meta-analysis, and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) using a fixed-effect model. Results: Our results indicate that pretreatment plasma fibrinogen is a prognostic factor in urological cancers (OS: HR=2.21, 95% CI=1.91-2.57, P<0.001, CSS: HR=2.67, 95% CI=2.23-3.19, P<0.001). Elevated pretreatment plasma fibrinogen is associated with poorer survival in prostate cancer (OS: HR=2.26, 95% CI=1.47-3.48, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.42, 95% CI=1.44-4.07, P=0.001), renal cell carcinoma (OS: HR=2.13, 95% CI=1.75-2.61, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.99, 95% CI=2.29-3.89, P<0.001) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (OS: HR=2.34, 95% CI=1.81-3.02, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.43, 95% CI=1.84-3.20, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that plasma fibrinogen has a more negative impact on survival in Caucasian patients (OS: HR=2.52, 95% CI=1.95-3.25, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.83, 95% CI=1.92-4.17, P<0.001) than Asian patients (OS: HR=2.07, 95% CI=1.73-2.49, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.63, 95% CI=2.14-3.22, P<0.001). The prognostic value of fibrinogen is also consistent when stratified by different cut-off values. Conclusions: These results show that high pretreatment plasma fibrinogen levels can predict poorer OS and CSS in patients with urological cancers.
KEYWORDS:
biomarker; fibrinogen; meta-analysis; prognosis; urological cancers
PMID: 30719143 PMCID: PMC6360290 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26989
Lower Inflamation for Better PC Outcomes
