FOG update - freezing of gait - Nicotine Bitartrate

[aspergerian13]

Freezing of Gait can persist after an acute levodopa challenge in Parkinson's disease. - 2019 - NCBI.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/317...

Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: A systematic review. - 2019 - NCBI.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/317...

Subthalamic nucleus oscillations correlate with vulnerability to freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. - 2019 - NCBI.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/314...

Coupling Between Leg Muscle Activation and EEG During Normal Walking, Intentional Stops, and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease. - 2019 - NCBI.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/313...

Nicotine Bitartrate Reduces Falls and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson Disease: A Reanalysis. - 2019 - NCBI.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/311...

[park_bear]

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl...

"Cholinergic activity is reduced in PD, and this reduction appears to be closely linked to falls ...Cholinergic activity was lower only in fallers. Dopaminergic activity did not change between fallers and non-fallers, which implied that falls are mainly caused by reduced cholinergic activity. NC001 [Nicotine Bitartrate] reduced falls and FOG, we believe, through a direct effect on nicotinic receptors on cholinergic neurons (9,15,20–23)"

A reason why anticholinergic medications are not good for people with Parkinson's.

Nicotine Bitartrate is a drug under development. It is only currently available in minute quantities at high prices from chemical supply houses.

[akgirlsrock in reply to park_bear]

Are Botox injections ok, I think Botox is anticholinergic?

[aspergerian in reply to akgirlsrock]

Botulinum Toxin Adverse Events | IntechOpen.

Botulinum toxin acts at the neuromuscular junction (motor plaque) blocking the release and effects of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (SNP). By inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, botulinum toxin interferes with the nervous impulse and causes a characteristic flaccid paralysis of the muscles.

intechopen.com/books/botuli...

[park_bear in reply to akgirlsrock]

Botox is a local treatment and should not affect the brain.

[akgirlsrock in reply to park_bear]

Thank you

[aspergerian13 in reply to park_bear]

More Evidence Suggests That Botox Can Spread From Its Injection Site.

sciencealert.com/more-evide...

[park_bear in reply to aspergerian13]

Interesting:

"They watched as the botulinum toxin stopped the nerve cells from communicating with muscles and caused local paralysis. But then they also saw the toxin move to nerve cells in neighbouring wells through the axons.

"Every time one fraction of the toxin acts locally (on the first nerve cell it contacts), another fraction acts at a distance," said Chapman. "It's unknown how far they travel, which likely depends on the dose of toxin and other factors."

[aspergerian13 in reply to park_bear]

34 cite Bomba-Warczak 2016: Interneuronal Transfer and Distal Action of Tetanus Toxin and Botulinum Neurotoxins A and D in Central Neurons.

scholar.google.com/scholar?...