pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articl...
Conclusions
Our current findings of greater pineal integrity, greater grey matter integrity, and lower brain age in meditators, combined with the large supporting body of literature on cortical/functional benefits of meditation, suggest that meditation could be beneficial in the context of cognitive and neurophysiological ageing by improving melatonin availability and regulation. Given melatonin’s downstream roles in sleep, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, immune modulation and neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, it seems plausible that early pineal degeneration could play a causal role in age-related brain degeneration, and that structural preservation via meditation could be of benefit. More research is required, but the structural benefits to the pineal appear to be cumulative with practice, so how an acute intervention using meditation might be of benefit once cognitive and cortical degeneration have begun is not known. It seems likely that optimal benefit from mindfulness and breathing practices could be achieved from early and continuous practice across the lifetime.