Placebo-responsive Parkinson patients show decreased activity in single neurons of subthalamic nucleus

[Farooqji]

nature.com/articles/nn1250

Full article

drive.google.com/file/d/1N3...

[Boscoejean]

Information is not very readily available

[Boscoejean]

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semanticscholar.org/paper/T...

"What is the role of placebo in neurotherapeutics?

E. Frisaldi, A. Shaibani, M. Trucco, Edoardo Milano, F. Benedetti

Psychology, Medicine

Expert review of neurotherapeutics

2021

TLDR

The biological mechanisms and the clinical implications of placebo effects with particular emphasis on neurology and psychiatry, for example in pain, movement disorders, depression, are described.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction The widespread use of the word ‘placebo’ in the medical literature emphasizes the importance of this phenomenon in modern biomedical sciences. Neuroscientific research over the past thirty years shows that placebo effects are genuine psychobiological events attributable to the overall therapeutic context, and can be robust in both laboratory and clinical settings. Areas covered Here the authors describe the biological mechanisms and the clinical implications of placebo effects with particular emphasis on neurology and psychiatry, for example in pain, movement disorders, depression. In these conditions, a number of endogenous systems have been identified, such as endogenous opioids, endocannabinoids, and dopamine, which contribute to the placebo-induced benefit. Expert opinion Every effort should be made to maximize the placebo effect and reduce its evil twin, the nocebo effect, in medical practice. This does not require the administration of a placebo, but rather the enhancement of the effects of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments through a good doctor–patient interaction. "