This is a very important update regarding an RCT for melatonin and Covid-19!
I haven't updated this thread in awhile and now seems like a good time to do that. This very recent (June/2021) human study (RCT) shows that even a relatively low dose of melatonin (9 mg) divided into three doses throughout the day, reduces symptoms and speeds recovery in hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Here is a link to the full study which seems very impressive considering the very low dose that was used in these hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Keep in mind that Dr. Neel is using a dose of 1 mg of melatonin per kilogram of body weight, which is much higher than the 9 mg dose used in this study. In an 80 kilogram person ( 176 lbs) , 1 mg per kg would equal a daily dose of 80 mg in divided doses.
1. Nobody died in the standard of care group or the standard of care plus melatonin group.
2. Mean time to release from hospital was 8.15 days in the standard of care group and 4.65 days in the standard of care group plus Melatonin. (p-value = 0.021 )
3. Patients in the melatonin group showed a return to baseline health sooner than control patients (15.09 ± 8.69 vs. 29.60 ± 21.12; p = 0.004).
4. There were no adverse events in the melatonin group.
5. Labored or difficult breathing (dyspnea) was significantly less in the melatonin group. ( p-value = 0.049)
6. Fatigue was significantly less in the melatonin group (p-value = 0.02)
7. Cough was significantly less in the melatonin group. ( p-value = .045)
8. The inflammatory marker CRP was significantly lower in the melatonin group (p-value = 0.045)
As you can see from these results melatonin plus standard of care was significantly better than standard of care alone. The downside here is the small size of the study group, but this still tends to confirm the very good results that Dr. Neel has reported in the over 1000 Covid-19 patients he has successfully treated using a significantly higher dose of melatonin (1 mgkg/bw/day) than this study which used just 9 mg/day. This is the first melatonin / Covid-19 study (RCT) that I have seen completed. The Manila study has not completed yet, but that is an important study because they are only treating patients who already have Covid-19 pneumonia.
Let's be honest here, if Faviparivir had had these results, it would have been a blockbuster drug flying off the shelves, but since this is just lowly inexpensive melatonin, not a chance!
I know I have said it before, but I am going to keep saying it, please don't throw your melatonin away just because you have been vaccinated! If the virus continues to mutate rapidly as it has shown it can, this is a good reason to keep melatonin on hand, even if it makes you sleepy the next day. Getting any rest is useful in a disease that is noted for causing sleep problems.
Another important point to this study is that people who may have a hard time with high dose melatonin may possibly be able to use it effectively at lower dosing against Covid-19.
Art
Updated Dosing Information (08/10/2021)
chartist profile imagechartist in reply to faridaro
3 hours ago
faridaro, Thank you very much for that lengthy video (219 minutes), I had not previously seen it! I had only read excerpts from that virtual symposium. I was not aware that doctors are using 8x the dose that Dr. Neel is using in the majority of his patients, 1 mg/kg/BW and doing so for a longer period than Dr. Neel.
Dr. Castillo said he starts his patients with an initial dose of 200 mg of melatonin immediately and then for days 1 ~ 7 he gives them 8 mg/kg/bw/day in 3 or 4 divided doses, wow! For days 8 ~ 14 the dose is halved to 4 mg/kg/bw/day. For days 15 ~ 28, the dose is reduced further to 1 mg/kg/bw/day in 3 to 4 divided doses. Lastly the patient is put on a maintenance dose of 6 mg of melatonin at bedtime.
That is a very aggressive regimen, but I have a feeling that Dr. Castillo never ends up with any "long haulers" and has an even greater success rate than Dr. Neel who has a very good success rate already, but mentioned that he might increase his standard dose in patients who are not responding as quickly as the majority of patients.
This is good information to be aware of for anyone planning to use melatonin for Covid-19 such as myself.
faridaro, if it okay with you, I would like to copy and paste this information into the original post above?
Art
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faridaro profile imagefaridaro
1 minute ago
Sure, you can copy and paste that information, Art. I am glad you've gained some new insights into the miracles of melatonin and thank you for the synopsis of Dr. Castillo's treatment protocol which I kind of forgotten about since I watched this symposium video a few months ago.
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chartist
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I'm glad that it adds further confirmation to Dr. Neel's work in Texas. I think he took a risk by coming out and describing what he was doing and his very impressive results in his Covid-19 patients, but the scientific community has pretty much ignored him and his results.
When you take the information from this trial and combine it with the data from Cleveland Clinic regarding melatonin and Covid-19 and its potential to treat and prevent Covid-19, a clearer picture of melatonin and its relevance in Covid-19 starts to emerge. Here is a link to the Cleveland Clinic information.
I am continually amazed by the studies about melatonin, but I guess I shouldn't be considering that melatonin is healthful for human, animal and plant health. It is made in the body and the body has melatonin receptors throughout. In any case, I am still taking 106+ mg every night and am in my 10th month at this dose. Hopefully it does have preventative qualities as the Cleveland Clinic study suggested it might and then I may never have to deal with Covid-19!
This new review goes into significant depth as to the reasons that melatonin should have more studies done testing it as adjuvant treatment for Covid-19 because it essentially checks most of the boxes that would be needed to treat Covid-19 and it has an excellent safety profile, is readily available and is quite inexpensive.
For me personally, I will apply melatonin at the first indication of Covid -19. In fact I am already applying it at a dose that is not too much higher than Dr. Neel is successfully using in his Covid-19 patients of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight. Add in the Cleveland Clinic study that said melatonin is associated with reduced risk of Covid-19 infection and the choice gets easier for me.
Add in the mutation/ variant capacity of SARS- CoV2 and the fact that you can still get Covid-19 and still die after being fully vaccinated and it becomes clearer why melatonin should be kept on hand from this time forward in case such an event arises. Melatonin, because of its multiple methods of action against SARS-CoV2 looks likely to work similarly against these mutations/variants as well as other similar viruses.
Something that to me is also very important is the fact that the world is building its third spike in Covid-19 cases rather quickly, but everywhere I go, I see that people are being more lax about social distancing, mask usage and avoiding crowded enclosed spaces. The previous peak was 903,184 on April 29, 2021 and we are already back at 710, 893 on August 5, 2021. With many people not using using protective measures this time and with school starting back, it seems likely that we will soon surpass that 903,184 bench mark despite more people being vaccinated now. Less people are dying, but people are still dying from this disease.
I have decided that I may include Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) if I do end up getting Covid-19 because of the study that came out that showed that AgNPs are able to destroy SARS-CoV2. I have been using AgNPs for many years and feel confident in its safety for me based on my use of it as well as what I see in friends who have used it at similar dosing to what I use for viruses and bacterial infections. A completely different mode of action than melatonin and I think likely to have synergy with melatonin to clear the virus quickly from my system while the melatonin can help minimize any negative impact AgNPs may have to normal cells at the dose I will be using.
I am not recommending that anyone do what I am doing, I am just stating my current plan that also includes vitamin D and Xlear Nasal Spray should I or my family or friends get Covid-19. I think it is useful to be prepared with a plan of action before the plan is needed. Previously, I had thought about waiting until testing positive, but that is a delay I have decided for me is not worth waiting for. My plan is to use my whole protocol if I suspect I maybe infected. It seems that starting treatment as early as possible shifts the odds significantly in your favor no matter what your plan is. Anything that has shown activity against Covid-19 seems to have done better when applied very early on. So that is my current plan regarding Covid-19.
Thank you Art for sharing this new review and your strategy. There is also a good video coverage of International Symposium on the therapeutic use of melatonin in December 2020 which you may already have seen but will give a link just in case:
faridaro, Thank you very much for that lengthy video (219 minutes), I had not previously seen it! I had only read excerpts from that virtual symposium. I was not aware that doctors are using 8x the dose that Dr. Neel is using in the majority of his patients, 1 mg/kg/BW and doing so for a longer period than Dr. Neel.
Dr. Castillo said he starts his patients with an initial dose of 200 mg of melatonin immediately and then for days 1 ~ 7 he gives them 8 mg/kg/bw/day in 3 or 4 divided doses, wow! For days 8 ~ 14 the dose is halved to 4 mg/kg/bw/day. For days 15 ~ 28, the dose is reduced further to 1 mg/kg/bw/day in 3 to 4 divided doses. Lastly the patient is put on a maintenance dose of 6 mg of melatonin at bedtime.
That is a very aggressive regimen, but I have a feeling that Dr. Castillo never ends up with any "long haulers" and has an even greater success rate than Dr. Neel who has a very good success rate already, but mentioned that he might increase his standard dose in patients who are not responding as quickly as the majority of patients.
This is good information to be aware of for anyone planning to use melatonin for Covid-19 such as myself.
faridaro, if it okay with you, I would like to copy and paste this information into the original post above?
Sure, you can copy and paste that information, Art. I am glad you've gained some new insights into the miracles of melatonin and thank you for the synopsis of Dr. Castillo's treatment protocol which I kind of forgotten about since I watched this symposium video a few months ago.
Another new low dose study using only 6 mg of melatonin adds a tiny bit more confirmation to the idea that even low dose melatonin is useful as an adjunctive treatment for Covid-19.
I take 5mg of melatonin every night as well as 1g of liposomal vitamin C and vitamin D and K2 and I haven’t had covid when everyone else l know has. I’m not vaccinated.
Melatonin may not only be good at helping the body to fight off Covid-19 effectively, it may also help the vaccine to work more effectively and it may also help ameliorate negative effects of the vaccine in people via its highly potent antioxidant effects and antiinflammatory effects throughout the body.
Lastly, if you are vaccinated and still get Covid-19 or not vaccinated and get Covid-19, it may not be a bad idea to have melatonin on hand as an adjuvant treatment with a very good safety profile. If you get Covid-19 and end up in the hospital, they will not give you high dose melatonin even if you sign a waiver of release of liability and family and friends will not be able to bring it to you. I know this because I just had a friend die in the hospital who I have known since grammar school. Died on a ventilator after they had to do an emergency tracheotomy.
The only way I am aware of that you can get high dose melatonin in the hospital is if you take it with you when you go to the hospital.
This recent commentary by Dr. Neel in conjunction with Dr. Reiter and other Covid-19/Melatonin researchers from around the world suggest that melatonin is likely to be effective against SARS Cov-2 Delta variant as well as all other variants in the future. Here is a link to their commentary :
>>> ' Melatonin was shown to prevent or mitigate a number of different respiratory and non-respiratory viral diseases. Given its non-specific anti-viral action, it is likely to be effective against the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 as well as any eventual future variants of the virus. ' <<<
Another low dose (10 mg/melatonin/night) Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) showing that even low dose melatonin helps protect severe, hospitalized Covid-19 patients form thrombosis, sepsis and death from Covid-19 by a wide margin. Still not close to the 1 mg per kilogram of body weight that Dr. Neel has used successfully in over 2000 Covid-19 patients, but these results at just 10 mg/night are impressive! Here is a link to the full study :
>>> ' The intervention group consisted of 82 patients, while the control group consisted of 76 patients. In comparison to the control group, thrombosis and sepsis developed significantly less frequently (P < 0.05) in the melatonin group during the second week of infection, while mortality was significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). ' <<<
>>> ' According to the Chi square test ( χ2 ), the mortality rate was significantly higher
in the control group (17.1%) than in the melatonin group (1.2%), df = 1, (P = 0.001). (See
table 6 ). ' <<<
>>> ' No patients developed sepsis during the baseline period (day 5 of symptoms) ( no
difference between the two groups). On day 11, two patients (2.4 percent) in the
melatonin group developed sepsis, compared to eight patients (10.5 percent) in the
control group. Chi square analysis revealed a significant difference between the two
groups (P = 0.050). On day 17, sepsis developed significantly more frequently in patients
in the control group (35.5 percent) than in patients in the melatonin group (8.5 percent) (P
= 0.000) ' <<<
>>> ' Fisher exact test revealed no significant difference between the two groups at the baseline
(day 5 of symptoms) (P = 1.000). Additionally, no significant difference in developing
thrombosis was observed between the two groups on day 11 (P = 1.000). While
developing thrombosis was significantly greater in the control group than in the
melatonin group on day 17 (P < 0.05), ' <<<
>>> ' The results of this study demonstrated that oral melatonin, when added to
standard of care, was more effective than standard of care alone in patients hospitalized
with severe COVID-19. Improved thrombosis, sepsis, and mortality rates support the
adjuvant melatonin's efficacy in mitigating this infectious disease. Given melatonin's
superior performance as a cheap, highly safe, and readily available medication, it is
strongly recommended to be addressed in future studies. ' <<<
This melatonin study is very important because it shows that just 10 mg/day of melatonin added to standard of care reduced the death rate from 17.1% in the standard of care group to 1.2% in the standard of care plus melatonin group in hospitalized Covid-19 patients in severe condition. So only one of the 86 patients receiving melatonin died while 13 of the 76 patients receiving standard of care died!
This recent study suggests that melatonin prevents SARS CoV-2 entry into the brain and may prevent associated long term cognitive issues seen in Long Covid patients.
I also want to relate an anecdotal report by a friend of a friend. A friend, Lily, called me last week and told me that her neighbor, Dee had tested positive for Covid-19 and had a severe headache which Dee described as a 12 on a scale of 0 to 10, with aches emanating from all of her body joints which she described as unbearable for which her doctor had told her to take Tylenol, which gave her zero relief for either issue. Dee said she would not go to the emergency room and asked Lily if she knew of anything that she could take that might help her. Lily told Dee that she should go to the emergency room and once again Dee said she would not go.
Lily had Ivermectin because her doctor had prescribed it for her in case she got Covid-19, but she had not had need to use it yet so she was telling me that she was thinking of giving it to Dee because Dee seemed really bad off. I reminded her that she had gotten that by prescription and she should not be dispensing prescribed drugs. I told her to tell Dee about Dr. Neel's work with melatonin in his Covid-19 patients and she should ask Dee to call him to explain his dosing of the melatonin. Lily tried and Dee said no, she would not call him or go to the ER, she just wanted to know if Lily knew of anything that could give her relief. Lily also had melatonin in her medicine cabinet just in case Ivermectin was not effective for her so she ended up giving her melatonin to Dee and explained what Dr. Neel's dosing schedule was.
The next day, Dee called Lily to say that her headache had gone from that 12 down to 2 and all of her aches were gone. The day after that Dee called Lily to say that she felt normal again. All good so far, except Lily now had Covid-19 which she confirmed with 3 rapid tests. After taking the three tests, she took the Ivermectin since she was out of melatonin. She has since reported very mild symptoms that are barely noticeable with her main symptom being fatigue. It is worth noting that Dee's response to melatonin was very similar to what Dr. Neel has reported in over a thousand Covid-19 patients with noticeable improvement in 24 hours or less.
Lily told me that Dee said she is going to continue the melatonin for up to three weeks to try and prevent Long Covid. Lily also said that she is going to use melatonin if she gets Covid-19 again, because although her doctor had written her a script for Ivermectin, the local pharmacy who had filled the prescription was now charging more than double for Ivermectin.
This report and review by Dr. Russel J. Reiter, Dr. Richard L. Neel, Daniel P. Cardinali et al. highlights the great utility of melatonin as proven through multiple studies and researches in the treatment and potential prevention of Covid-19. This is important as we have clearly not seen the last of Covid-19 in its many variants. This review was published last month, 02/20/2022. I have placed a chart at the bottom of this post that clearly shows how melatonin effectively fights Covid-19.
Here are some interesting and relevant quotes from this review :
>>> ' Network analyses, which compared drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in humans, also predicted that melatonin would be the most effective agent for preventing/treating COVID-19. Finally, when seriously infected COVID-19 patients were treated with melatonin, either alone or in combination with other medications, these treatments reduced the severity of infection, lowered the death rate, and shortened the duration of hospitalization. Melatonin’s ability to arrest SARS-CoV-2 infections may reduce health care exhaustion by limiting the need for hospitalization. Importantly, melatonin has a high safety profile over a wide range of doses and lacks significant toxicity. Some molecular processes by which melatonin resists a SARS-CoV-2 infection are summarized. The authors believe that all available, potentially beneficial drugs, including melatonin, that lack toxicity should be used in pandemics such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2. ' <<<
>>> ' Due to is potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, melatonin has frequently been proposed for use to overcome the cytokine storm in virus-related infections [34, 35], including that caused by SARS-CoV-2 [36–38]) (Fig. 1). ' <<<
>>> ' Thus, melatonin may reduce the damage resulting from COVID-19-mediated septicemia by quelling HIF-1α, suppressing NF-ҝB, inhibiting the inflammasome and converting pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages while also reversing Warburg-type metabolism [57, 58] (Fig. 1). ' <<<
>>> ' Applications have been made for 10 clinical trials; most of these are on-going and are summarized in tabular form in the comprehensive report of Ramos et al. [16]. In these trials, total melatonin doses ranging between 2 mg daily and 500 mg daily are proposed for use; these are either given orally once per day or equally divided in multiple doses over a 24-h period. One study is designed to use intravenously infused melatonin. The adult patients selected for treatment range from newly diagnosed to critically ill subjects in intensive care units; the primary outcomes to be assessed vary widely among the trials. None of these studies have proposed the use of children, possibly because SARS-CoV-2 infections are less common in young individuals. As in adults, melatonin use and safety in children has been tested where high doses of melatonin have been proven safe [41]. ' <<<
>>> ' The wide variety of melatonin doses proposed in these trials is much like the already-published reports on the use of melatonin to treat COVID-infected adults (Table (Table2).2). In these reports the amounts of melatonin given fall between 3 and 600 mg daily. Whereas all the studies reported positive outcomes when melatonin was used, none observed any toxicity of melatonin, including at the highest doses employed. In the report of a network analysis of drugs potentially useful in treating COVID, melatonin was suggested as the one to have the greatest likelihood of controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections [11]. The dose of melatonin that may be effective would possibly vary according to the age of the infected patient, since in aged individuals melatonin levels are often greatly diminished [106, 107]. Indeed, the greater susceptibility of the elderly to a SARS-CoV-2 has been speculated to be a result of the reduction in endogenous melatonin production [108]. Likewise, body size may be a consideration regarding the amount of melatonin administered. As a general rule, perhaps 1 mg per kg body weight may be a starting point. Due to the high safety profile of melatonin, subsequent trials should also include individuals over a wide age range, including children. ' <<<
>>> ' Numerous already-available pharmaceutical drugs have been repurposed for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Yet, no organization/agency has proposed the use of melatonin even though it is much less expensive (sometimes a 100-fold less costly than the proposed prescription medications), and based on the outcomes of recent published trials [95, 96], it has efficacy in treating this condition. After an analysis of 27 publications related to the ability of drugs to successfully treat COVID-19, the authors concluded that melatonin is at least twice as effective as remdesivir or tocilizumab in reducing the inflammatory markers of a coronavirus 2019 infection [132]. Both remdesivir (Veklury) and tocilizumab (Actemra) are FDA authorized for use to treat select COVID patients suffering with a severe infection; both drugs have notable side effects and are given intravenously [133, 134]. In contrast, melatonin has a high safety profile and can be taken orally or administered by any other route [16]. Since melatonin is non-patentable and is inexpensive, the incentive of the pharmaceutical industry to support its use is lost. Finally, pharmaceutical drugs are sometimes enthusiastically advanced by individuals who stand to gain financially [135]. ' <<<
This very interesting article ( February 2022 ) goes into significant detail in explaining the multiple activities of melatonin in humans that make it useful to fight Covid-19.
Here are some very relevant quotes from the article :
>>> ' Clinically, melatonin treatment reduces the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections in terms of lowering the seriousness of symptoms, decreasing the need for hospitalization (which simultaneously helps control health care exhaustion), reducing the duration of hospital stay when this is necessary, eliminating the need for mechanical intubation, and lessening the death rate.” ' <<<
>>> ' To date, several clinical trials are currently being conducted to assess the efficacy of melatonin at doses from 2 mg to 500 mg daily, given to patients with varying levels of severe COVID-19. Earlier studies failed to show any toxicity, even at the highest doses used. Moreover, melatonin was predicted to be most likely to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. ' <<<
>>> ' The authors of the current study indicate that melatonin has at least twice the efficacy of remdesivir or tocilizumab in reducing inflammatory markers in COVID-19. Both remdesivir and tocilizumab are currently being used under certain clinical constraints to treat COVID-19, though both have significant adverse reactions and must be given intravenously. Conversely, melatonin can be given orally and by any other route, without causing any known toxicity. ' <<<
>>> ' The use of melatonin would be especially advantageous because it can be orally self-administered, it is low in cost, and it lacks significant toxicity. This applies especially to impoverished regions of the world where the populace has fewer financial resources to devote to the treatment of this disease and where health care is not readily available.“ ' <<<
>>> ' In the report of a network analysis of drugs potentially useful in treating COVID, melatonin was suggested as the one to have the greatest likelihood of controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections [11] ' <<<
This article gives further evidence to support the use of melatonin for Covid-19 and when combined with the current completed studies gives pretty clear reasoning to keep melatonin on hand.
>>> ' According to national records the lethality rate in older adults in August 2020 was 10.5%. No patient treated with melatonin died for this cause in this sample. We did not find statistically significant differences in terms of indicated melatonin dose, age or body mass index, when comparing those infected with those not infected. The patients in general were mostly older adults, treated with a mean dose greater than 40 mg / day of melatonin for various sleep disorders, mainly for complaints of insomnia, for more than 12 months. The results are consistent with a possible preventive effect of melatonin in the COVID-19 pandemic. ' <<<
Below is a link to a new study (June 2022) that suggests that melatonin may also offer brain protective effects from Covid-19 and binds to ACE2 receptors on endothelial cells :
>>> ' In conclusion, we disclosed ACE2 as a new binding target of melatonin, which leads to allosteric negative modulation of the spike/ACE2 interaction. This effect on the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor function of ACE2, combined with the inhibition of NFKB expression and endogenous ACE2 expression in endothelial cells, is most likely the predominant mechanism for impaired SARS-CoV-2 brain invasion by melatonin and its derivatives. ' <<<
An important point of this study is that melatonin binds to ACE2 receptors interfering with the ability of the SARS CoV-2 virus to dock on ACE2 receptors and melatonin does this without serious side effects.
>>> ' Melatonin levels decline considerably with age and are related to numerous age-related illnesses. The signs of aging, including immune aging, increased basal inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, significant telomeric abrasion, and disrupted autophagy, contribute to the increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These characteristics can worsen the pathophysiological response of the elderly to SARS-CoV-2 and pose an additional risk of accelerating biological aging even after recovery. This review explains that the death rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) increases with chronic diseases and age, and the decline in melatonin levels, which is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction in the patient, affects the virus-related death rate. Further, melatonin can enhance mitochondrial function and limit virus-related diseases. Hence, melatonin supplementation in older people may be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19. ' <<<
' The meta-analysis showed that melatonin had the beneficial effects for COVID-19 prevention and treatment as an adjunctive agent in combination with basic treatment for the treatment. '
Many people are under the impression that Covid-19 is just going to slowly go away, but given its ability to form endless variants and general MO, it seems more likely that Covid-19 is going to be here for many years to come. If it works out that way, it seems like a good idea to keep melatonin stocked in your medicine cabinet indefinitely.
My personal experience is that melatonin does not act as a Covid-19 preventative at a dose of 120 mg+/day, but apparently has shown that benefit at lower dosing according to the Cleveland Clinic. My experience is that it works very well at high dose in multiple people to speed the course of Covid-19 and very significantly reduce symptoms, especially when taken at the first symptoms and testing positive.
' It seems melatonin can decrease inflammatory markers, inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of some genes, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4, STAT6, T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 (CASP1). In addition, melatonin appears to alleviate some clinical signs and symptoms and accelerate recovery. The use of melatonin in severe cases reduces thrombosis, sepsis, and mortality rate. '
So these are some of the important reasons to consider melatonin for Covid-19 and of course as a Long Covid preventative/treatment via melatonin's highly potent antioxidant, potent radical scavenging and potent anti inflammatory effects.
This brief related article tells about 5 supplements to ameliorate Long Covid :
' In patients admitted to intensive care units, melatonin decreases the risks of severe complications, such as thrombosis and sepsis, and mortality rates. In addition, it is efficacious in lowering vessel permeability, depression, and sedation, and improving the quality of sleep, which could also help COVID-19 patients achieve better clinical outcomes. '
If you were admitted to the ICU with Covid-19, you were probably already in pretty bad shape before getting melatonin. From what I have seen, like other Covid-19 treatments, they seem to work best when taken early on.
Although Covid-19 is not currently as active as it was, it is still there and studies still continue to show that melatonin is likely to be useful in dealing with it just as this new (March 2023) study shows when comparing other supplements for use in Covid-19 :
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