The making of memory B cells and long-term immune responses.

[2greys]

The current COVID-19 climate has made vaccines, antibodies, and immune responses topics of everyday conversation. Now, it isn’t just immunologists who want to know how our bodies respond to re-infections months, years, or sometimes decades after an initial immune response. A new study by Tomohiro Kurosaki at Osaka University shows that this ability requires Bach2, a protein that regulates the expression of genes needed to instruct activated B cells under selection to become memory B cells.

Like most biological processes, immune responses are complicated. They involve numerous types of cells and proteins, performing precise step-by-step processes. And of course, we don’t know all of them yet. For example, memory B cells are a type of white blood cell that are created in lymph nodes or spleens during an infection. They stick around for years and allow rapid and strong antibody-related responses to re-infection by the same virus or bacteria. In contrast, plasma cells are much more numerous and help during an initial infection by producing antibodies, although they too can exist for long periods of time in the body. Kurosaki and his team focused their research on understanding what causes activated B cells, called germinal center B cells, to become memory B cells, plasma cells, or to be recycled.

resou.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/rese...

Journal of Experimental Medicine. The research paper:

rupress.org/jem/article/218...

[2greys]

A plausible explanation of why certain people have experienced a reinfection of Covid-19, as small a percentage worldwide. An anomaly in their immune system preventing the production of memory B cells.

[tomhatha]

What happened to the mild Flu that was made to look like the Covid ( rods put on it so that it looked like cov-19, the immune system saw it and remembered it . the rest results said it worked and they were ready to fight and kill the covid ? That worked in all trials. it seems to me it has gone where a lot of things go (put on hold for some reason) just like the cancer one where medication is put into micro bubbles and burst over the cancer AND WOMAN DID NOT LOOSE THEIR HAIR or have bad feelings?

[2greys in reply to tomhatha]

Who knows what has happened. What I do know for an absolute fact is that flu is caused by the Influenza Virus, not a Coronavirus, a wolf in sheep's clothing is still a wolf. It could have been a means to attract 'investment' money (you can make the rest up from that).

[tomhatha in reply to 2greys]

the two things I mentioned Did work and were tested . They never asked for money .

[2greys in reply to tomhatha]

It still remains a wolf in sheep's clothing, there is more to a vaccine than the protein spikes unfortunately, stimulating antibody production against those spikes may well work but they will only last for a finite time. Nobody wants to be vaccinated every 3 to four months, it would also not be practical, the logistics to that would also be formidable.

The real trick is the production of B and T cells as well that are very important, it is these that last longer and will produce more antibodies as well as kill infected cells. It is the bodies own cells that reproduce the virus by many times. Kill the infected cells and the virus cannot reproduce.