Hi. I have oil fired central heating. I also have a Noklead PM2.4 counter. Wondering why I had a streaming nose this morning I switched on the counter and was alarmed that it immediately scored over 100 which is the hazardous level. Straight away I ventilated the room and the counter went straight down to 18.
Having some knowledge, I examined the radiator - a type having solid metal panels front and back with a vent on top and heat exchange fins inside. I realised that, quite likely, the radiator had gathered dust inside with probably some electrolysis and was pushing out that dust into the room. I switched it off, relying on a portable heater.
If this is right, there must be innumerable radiators of this type posing a risk to COPD sufferers.