RJ-MN requested this one.
[1] "Azadirachta indica, also known as Neem, Nimtree, and Indian Lilac is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native to India and the Indian subcontinent including Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It is typically grown in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem trees now also grow in islands located in the southern part of Iran. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil."
"The major biologically active constituents of neem leaves are limonoids, triterpenoids, nonterpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and meliacins, potentially targeting multiple signaling pathways of cancer cells ..." [2c]
[2] PCa studies. Only four so far.
[2a] (2006 - India)
"Here ... an ethanolic extract of neem has been shown to cause cell death of prostate cancer cells (PC-3) by inducing apoptosis as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in DNA fragmentation and a decrease in cell viability."
"... treatment with neem extract showed decreased level of Bcl-2, which is anti-apoptotic protein and increased the level of Bax protein".
[2b] (2011 - India)
"The present study is aimed to delineate the effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract {ENLE} on PI3K/Akt and apoptotic pathway in prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP)."
"ENLE gives 50% inhibition at a dose of 100 μg/ml in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells ..."
"ENLE decreased the protein expression of PI3K as well as p-Akt ..."
"The results suggested that ENLE induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation through inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells."
[2c] (2011 - U.S. - Mayo Clinic)
"The present study investigates the novel targets of the anticancer activity of ethanol extract of neem leaves (EENL) in vitro and evaluates the in vivo efficacy in the prostate cancer models."
"Treatment of C4-2B and PC-3M-luc2 prostate cancer cells with EENL inhibited the cell proliferation."
"Genome-wide expression profiling, ... revealed genes differentially expressed with EENL treatment in prostate cancer cells. Functional analysis unveiled that most of the up-regulated genes were associated with cell death, and drug metabolism, and the down-regulated genes were associated with cell cycle, DNA replication, recombination, and repair functions." There was "significant up-regulation of 40 genes"
"EENL treatment inhibited the growth of C4-2B and PC-3M-luc2 prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice."
[2d] (2014 - U.S. - Mayo Clinic)
follow-on from [2c], using "supercritical extract of neem leaves (SENL)"
"Treatment of LNCaP-luc2 prostate cancer cells with SENL suppressed dihydrotestosterone-induced androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen levels. SENL inhibited integrin β1, calreticulin, and focal adhesion kinase activation in LNCaP-luc2 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Oral administration of SENL significantly reduced LNCaP-luc2 xenograft tumor growth in mice"
[3] (2014 - U.S. - nice full-text review)
"Neem components as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment"
-Patrick
[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi...
[2a] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/163...
[2b] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/212...
[2c] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl...
