The Chilean army announced that 36 people linked with the General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme base on the planet's southern pole had tested positive for COVID-19.
The base is in the far western reaches of Antarctica, close to the southern tip of South America.
Of the 36 infected, 26 are reported to be members of the Chilean military, while the others are believed to be maintenance workers.
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) has said "the risks and implications of virus transmission to Antarctic wildlife are largely unknown".
The world's most isolated continent had managed to avoid the pandemic due to a collection of circumstances.