Autopsies tell us the secrets of Parkinso... - Cure Parkinson's

Cure Parkinson's

25,479 members26,802 posts

Autopsies tell us the secrets of Parkinson's...

parkinsonshereandnow profile image

The brains of Parkinson's patients tell us some of the secrets of the disease at autopsy...

"For History must be our deliverer, not only from the undue influence of other times, but from the undue influence of our own, from the tyranny of environment and the pressure of the air we breathe".

Acton. Lectures on Modern History.

What Parkinson's screams at us in autopsy, once we cross the last border. The same thing prevents the disease, controls the symptoms, slows its progression... It's the same thing! There are hardly any differences, except for nuances. It is the final scene of a drama that lasts a lifetime: oxidation, inflammation... vulnerable points that are not reinforced...

The panorama, like battlefields or cities destroyed by war...

For 50 years we have walked lost through the Parkinsonian maze without knowing where we were or why we were locked up there. But that has changed thanks to the increasingly luminous and enlightening books and studies of dozens, hundreds of brilliant and courageous neurologists, as well as other neuroscience experts (Ahlskog, Coimbra, Shults, Birkmayer, Karobath, Costantini, Aoyama, Suzuki, Monti, Perlmutter, Sechi, González Maldonado, Marjama Lyons, Mandel, Hurni, Braak, Fahn, etc.). Hundreds of old studies (Jenner, McGeer, Mattson, Coimbra, Powers...) tell us what Parkinson's is and thousands of more recent studies (Alberts, Suzuki, Marashly, Monti, Schaffner...) show us everything we need to have a fairly clear view of the puzzle solved, although still with our eyes slightly closed. Important details are missing, but the essential is already known. As long as we do not turn our backs on Nature and leave aside our arrogance to recognize that we had entered "the world of Parkinson's" in a block in a dead end or also endless (we could continue on the current path 100 or 200 years without finding anything significant to improve the daily life of patients and family caregivers. I would bet my life on it).

The last frontier to which I refer in the title is death. The autopsies they have done on the brains of deceased Parkinson's patients not only confirm everything we already know, but seem to point us in the same direction. And they have recently been confirmed with brain-scanning techniques when the patients are still alive. The studies that have been carried out "post mortem" tell us that in the brains of Parkinsonians there was (especially in the famous and vulnerable "sustantia nigra") a brutal oxidation and inflammation, as well as an alteration of everything: mitochondria, glutathione, coenzyme Q10, NADH, etc. Multiple factors, multiple deficiencies. A growing chaos over the years because it is not corrected, but rather gasoline is poured into the fire:

1) many traces point to an intense OXIDATION (Jenner already said it since 1992), that's why so many antioxidants prevent the disease and slow down or reduce the severity of the symptoms (folate or vitamin B9 prevents Parkinson's by 49% and regulates the severity of the symptoms by reducing the level of the neurotoxic and still underestimated homocysteine);

2) very clear signs of NEUROINFLAMATION (as indicated by McGeer, a world-renowned neurologist on Alzheimer's disease). The traces of this inflammation are the activation of microglia and the remains of pro-inflammatory molecules: cytokines, interleukin, etc (Block 2007, McGeer 2008). Those who have taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin prevent Parkinson's by 46%, as well as natural anti-inflammatory drugs such as ginger, curcumin (which crosses the barrier that protects the brain), the polyphenols of green tea, the omega 3 DHA (Yamamoto 2005, 47% less dementia according to Schaffer 2006), etc. Alpha-synuclein plays an important role in this inflammation (Zhang 2005, Lee 2008, Reynolds 2008, Su 2009). Magnesium and green tea protect the nervous system and prevent the aggregation of both iron- and spontaneously produced alpha-synuclein (Golts 2002);

3) neurotoxic accumulations of IRON (Antonini 1993) and ALUMINIUM (Yasui 1992). Possibly the lack of essential vitamins to correctly metabolize iron - such as thiamin - produce these accumulations. Green tea and alpha lipoic acid are chelators (antidotes, eliminators) of iron (Koonyosying 2018, Tai 2020). Autopsies or laser analyzers detect accumulations of iron in the brain, especially in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra (Dexter 1991, 1992, Good 1992, Linert 2000). The iron produces a greater oxidation that feeds back and enters a vicious circle that would explain the progressive worsening of the disease (Linert 2000). In parkinsonian autopsies there are aluminum deposits in the basal ganglia and gray substance (Perl 1982, Yasui 1991, 1992). Its "antidote" or chelator is magnesium, so deficient in the current average westernized diet and so worn out by the stress of modern life (magnesium is the anti-stress mineral that regulates the necessary and dangerous cortisol), that aluminum and other heavy metals ravage the brain. Turmeric is also a lethal enemy of aluminum (Laabdar 2016).

4) an almost total lack of GLUTATHION (Perry 1982, 1986, Pearce 1997, Sian 1994, Arakawa 2007), the main antioxidant of "sustantia nigra". It is not rare, since in the advanced stages of the disease there is only 2% left (Adams 1991). Vitamin C is the most important external antioxidant to protect the neurons of the hydroxyl groups, so linked to Parkinson's. To cross the blood-brain barrier as if it were glucose, the membrane of the neuron and that of the mitochondria is converted into dehydroascorbic acid (the oxidized form of the prodigious vitamin C) that would have to be brought back to life - reduced - by glutathione. But there is a serious problem: there is hardly any left. In autopsies, no trace of glutathione has been found in the substantiantia nigra;

5) And pathologists see the brain of Parkinson's patients as an old battlefield: damage to mitochondria in complex I of cellular respiration (Parker 2008); Lewy bodies and alterations of alpha-synuclein (Zhang 2005, Lee 2008, Reynolds 2008, Su 2009), etc.

The "father" of modern medicine, Dr. William Osler referred to Parkinson's more than a century ago as an accelerated aging of the brain. In another powerful image, someone spoke as if the brain was on fire and had to be "put out" with antioxidants and anti-inflammatories (Wang 2006, Sanders 2013), liver protectors (Lombard, Marjama Lyons), probiotics for the "second brain" (Gershon, Bercik, Tillish, Scheperjans)...

I recommend watching the documentary "The Mystery of Alzheimer's", available in Spanish on Youtube. And read a lot between the lines or watch between the frames... because the world around Alzheimer's and Parkinson's is very similar.

The brains of Parkinson's patients in autopsies are destroyed like an old battlefield, like a ravaged city. But as the scientific police, as detectives, we are reconstructing what has happened... so we will know how to avoid it. But with the "weapons" of Nature (EGCG, allicin, quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, magnesium, melatonin, vitamin D3, zinc, selenium, EPA and DHA…).

A profound revolution is taking place in the all-too-quiet official world of Parkinson's (Dorsey 2018), thanks to brave neurologists like these:

Fullard and Duda in 2020: A Review of the Relationship Between Vitamin D and Parkinson Disease Symptoms.

Lv et al. in 2020: The relationships of vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and vitamin D supplementation with Parkinson’s disease.

By the way, we still don't give patients taking levodopa the vitamins B6, B9 and B12 to control the neurotoxic homocysteine, as neurologist Ahlskog recommends in his books. We have been waiting 20 years for someone to make that decision.... Even a politician could do it.

One of the problems that I find both in the official world and in the "complementary and alternative" world is that everything has become very complex, a real jungle.

---

If I had to choose four supplements just to give them to my father (unfortunately he passed away in 2012 after 18 years of wasting - when the necessary knowledge already existed, but we didn't know it):

- VITAMIN B1 or Thiamin. The studies are interesting (Smithline 2012, Luong and Nguyen 2013, Costantini 2013, 2016). It seems to me to be the most promising treatment today, because of the strength of the studies and the large number of patients treated. The existence of numerous videos showing patients before and after thiamine use is unique and unprecedented. Like the next two, the oral route is very flexible and convenient for patients all over the world.

- VITAMIN D in high doses (minimum, the 1200 IU per day of the Suzuki study in 2013, maximum, from 5000 to 10000 IU per day recommended by the neurologists Coimbra in their "protocol", Perlmutter in a 2013 article or Hiller in his 2018 study);

- VITAMIN B2 in doses of 30-30-30 (total daily 90 mg), according to the Coimbra study in 2003. Despite the problems with the way the study was conducted. But 44-71% motor improvement in 3-6 months and 3 patients, 100%. And since 2003 no one has dared to continue the study...

- And finally, something else: in my case, I would choose strong doses of VITAMIN C (Fahn used 3 grams daily for a year in his 1992 study), which no one has dared to follow either... curious.

This fourth supplement also could be alpha lipoic acid, resveratrol, intranasal glutathione or NAC, magnesium treonate, sublingual B12, ...

This is not only a legal issue, but also an ethical one: the doctor and the pharmacist should always be consulted to adjust everything to each patient.

If I had to make a choice with the food I would certainly choose a "Mediterranean" diet with some oriental additions such as green tea (matcha if possible), ginger, turmeric, curry, some Japanese, Tibetan or Chinese mushrooms, etc, such as reishi, shiitake, maitake, yamabushitake, etc. And among the 80-100 grams of essential daily proteins, I would always choose an egg yolk and some oily fish: small sardines, non farmed salmon, etc. Or the avocado only before starting the levodopa therapy (because of the tyramine).

Foods such as tomato, pepper, spinach, broccoli, turmeric with black pepper, ginger, cayenne pepper, red onion and crushed raw garlic, gazpacho, etc.

Medicinal plants such as milk thistle, Japanese ashitaba, centella asiatica (gotu kola), cat's claw, etc.

I focus on what we know works. Regardless of the causal explanation.

When Dr. Lind gave oranges and lemons to two of the sailors with scurvy on the deck of HMS Salisbury in 1747 he did not know why, but they were cured. More than 200 years later, in the mid-1990s of the last century, we realized that we could not synthesize ascorbic acid in our livers as most mammals could, because of a genetic defect that prevented the use of the enzyme that converted sugar into vitamin C (because of the great similarity, Dehydroascorbic acid can use glucose transporters to cross the blood-brain barrier. And possibly sugar-rich diets and diabetes make it difficult for vitamin C to protect neurons by competing with excess sugar in the diet to pass to the brain).

(Jesus Marquez Rivera. "Parkinson's here and now".)

Written by
parkinsonshereandnow profile image
parkinsonshereandnow
To view profiles and participate in discussions please or .
Read more about...
19 Replies
MBAnderson profile image
MBAnderson

Good article. My only qualm is 80 -- 100 g of protein. Why so much? What is your opinion of wheat, gluten, and dairy?

parkinsonshereandnow profile image
parkinsonshereandnow in reply to MBAnderson

Thank you, MBAnderson.

The amount of protein is approximate. There are differences, but it comes to recommend something less than a gram per kilo of weight. I seem to remember.

As you know, they are as important as vitamin B6 for synthesising dopamine and other neurotransmitters.

On "wheat, gluten and dairy", I think neurologist David Perlmutter is doing a great job of informing and disseminating information. Avoid everything refined and processed. If I had Parkinson's, I would eliminate dairy as much as possible (except maybe some goat cheese...).

In my humble opinion, food should be very rich in vegetables and choose high quality proteins and fats: egg yolk, small sardines (in tomato, the better: for lycopene)...

I always try to follow neurologists and other neuroscientists, but also patients and veteran carers.

We walk along paths that we all create together.

I find this article by the neurologist Perlmutter (2013) an extraordinary gift:

mindbodygreen.com/0-10979/w...

Despe profile image
Despe in reply to MBAnderson

Marc,

I read, and I am a firm believer, that a little protein is necessary for muscles, especially for PwP. A piece of grass-fed beef, the size of those old match boxes is all we need. I am of the philosophy: everything in moderation. :)

MBAnderson profile image
MBAnderson in reply to Despe

I agree. I make no effort to get protein.

KERRINGTON profile image
KERRINGTON

A wealth of information, thank you.

parkie13 profile image
parkie13

Good article, easy to follow reccomendations.

Despe profile image
Despe

Excellent post! All the supplements/vitamins (and then some) you recommend are in my husband's daily protocol.

Thank you for sharing your vast knowledge with us.

chartist profile image
chartist

parkinsonshereandnow,

Very nice article!

In the first part, you discuss homocysteine and the damage it causes. Melatonin has shown itself to protect against much of this damage and potentially normalize homocysteine levels without the potential side effects of folic acid or folate.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/262...

In the issue of damage to the blood brain barrier, melatonin is protective of the BBB and in other studies has shown the abilities of its metabolites to repair the BBB.

aging-us.com/article/102537...

frontiersin.org/articles/10...

Item 1 discusses the damage caused by oxidative stress and this is critical in the brain of PwP. Melatonin is likely the strongest antioxidant in the body because it is not only a potent scavenger of ROS/oxygen radicals, peroxynitrite, H2O2 and reactive nitrogen species/RNS, but it also increases gene expression of the bodies own highly potent antioxidant system and it activates Nrf2 to increase total antioxidant capacity(TAC) of the body and brain. Another feature of melatonin is that it can scavenge up to 10 radicals whereas antioxidants such as vitamin c and e can only scavenge 1 each.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/275...

Item 2 discusses neuroinflammation and melatonin works very well at reversing neuroinflammation.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/323...

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl...

Item 3 discusses iron and aluminum toxicity and melatonin works against the damage that can be caused by iron or aluminum in the brain.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/108...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/331...

Item 4 discusses the depleted glutathione levels as would be seen in PwP and melatonin at doses as low as 10 mg/day in PwP increases glutathione levels while offering many other health benefits for PwP.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/324...

Item 5 discusses multiple damage issues in PwP including damage to the mitochondria and melatonin is produced in the mitochondria to protect it against damage from ROS and the mitochondria can draw more melatonin into the mitochondria if there is more melatonin available.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/195...

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl...

Item 5 also discusses lewy bodies and again, melatonin may be of use.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/221...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/306...

The supplement section should include melatonin, but unfortunately, it does not because melatonin does much, much more than what is listed above!

The following RCT shows that prolonged release melatonin at just 2 mg can help PwP with sleep. The next study shows sleep benefit in PwP at just 3 mg/night.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/324...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/174...

The following study shows that melatonin at as low as 50 mg/day can start to improve motor symptoms.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/327...

This is just the tip of the ice berg in terms of the health benefits of melatonin. It also works to treat and speed the recovery process of Covid-19.

healthunlocked.com/parkinso...

Melatonin can also be useful in prevention and treatment of stroke which is important because PwP are considered higher risk for stroke.

healthunlocked.com/parkinso...

Other controlled trials have shown that high dose melatonin(HDM) can return oxidative stress levels to redox balance and inflammatory levels to healthy control levels over time which is very important.

There is much more to melatonin than just the above!

Art

alaynedellow profile image
alaynedellow

Great post. V informative. Thanks

MarionP profile image
MarionP

Very interesting set of constructs, worth studying.

The only two things I can think to contribute:

1. That's a lot of protein to catabolize, which is pretty expensive and draining to the body's metabolic machinery...lots of nitrogen, amines there is really expensive and depleting to process, transform, utilize and eliminate...

On the other hand, you're mentioned of mushroom proteins, those particular mushrooms you mentioned very interestingly happened to be high in promoting something called neural growth factor. Now if it's possible to effectively deliver more neural growth factor to the right places by eating mushrooms high in that particular nutrient, there you may definitely have something. The woman who received a Nobel prize for developing neural growth factor or at least identifying it and describing it just recently died (at age 101 or something like that). And she was using a particular preparation to deliver it into her body via eye drops I believe... She believed it was helping extend her life and maintaining her cognitive abilities in fact she believed that her cognitive abilities and essentially not changed much in her old age. All very interesting stuff and I would love to know if anybody is working on the neural growth factor connection and whether dietary sources can make some difference in our brain, especially where nerve cells have died out as in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. I find the idea very intriguing until somebody finds information to tell us whether this is a good end or a dead end.

2. Anything having to do with curcumin runs the risk of intentional adulteration with lead, which cheaply reproduces the happy yellow color so culturally prized by cultures such as Indian subcontinent and Iran, the former being the world's foremost producer for things we like to use for that yellow, and saffron...it could be a problem.

Also, not sure of what to try to do about it, there seems to definitely something going on somehow with the vagus nerve...

Thanks

wriga profile image
wriga

Well,

parkinsonshereandnow you have provided a lot of food for thought with this fascinating article. Sending in the detectives to see what's caused the disaster. Thank you for all your detective work and for giving credit to the neurologists who had already visited the crime scene.

This was season 5, the last season to the series "There's a fire in my brain"

And what does the autopsy report say?

1) there was a big fire, signs of oxidation everywhere

2) the fire caused inflammation ... and inflammation fuelled the spread of the flames

3) catalysts were found at the crime scene (Al, Fe ...)

4) the fire extinguishers (glutathione) were empty

5) in the ashes were burnt out mitochondria

I see so many similarities to what I have reported on oxidative stress and Nrf2.

In season 1 of "There's a fire in my brain", the PD fire officer on duty didn't smell the smoke when the the mitochondrial machine started overheating. It could have been cooled down easily then with some better maintenance, but it continued to overheat for 5 years. Of course there were signs that something was wrong with the machine: it shouldn't normally overheat, but when it does there is slowness, stiffness, fatigue, lack of motivation, bad sleep, confusion, lack of balance, constipation, urinary urgency ... overheating produces non-motor symptoms!

What's that got to do with the fire in my brain ? or with Parkinson's disease for that matter. Well, as we all know, nothing at all... until we all see the flames. When the mitochondrial machine is on fire, the heat and flames spread out from the machine room and cause other problems.

We know these as motor symptoms. Even neurologists can see these! The popular saying goes: there's no smoke without fire, but with the PD neuro fire service it should read "There's no fire without flames" which roughly translates to "There's no PD without motor symptoms"

If you're still following me, this all fits in remarkably well to what I've been going on about concerning oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and Nrf2. Nrf2 is the sleeping on-duty fire officer. He doesn't wake up until the machine room is blazing away. At that point the one fire engine he has available is not enough to put out the fire. He needs reinforcements .... lots of Nrf2 fire engines to send in glutathione to put the fire out. The fire is self-sustaining, mitochondria burns well so the fire spreads and causes damage to the whole structure, the brain factory.

And to prevent the next fire we need to retrain the fire officers, make sure they are alert? And we need to hire more of them, and keep them alert and active all the time ... looking for smoke before it becomes fire, pouring glutathione on the smouldering undergrowth as soon as they smell smoke.

And when the new Nrf2 fire officers are alert and active and the machine no longer overheats, then the non-motor symptoms go away. That's the first step. Of course, there's still a lot of fire damage in the brain factory, so it doesn't run smoothly. It shakes a lot, but if we look after the machine properly and stop it overheating ever again, we can rebuild the rest of the factory.

CaseyInsights profile image
CaseyInsights in reply to wriga

Lovely commentary! A scientist - wriga - takes a metaphorical tour of the damage and suggest a way forward ✨✌🏾✨

parkinsonshereandnow profile image
parkinsonshereandnow in reply to wriga

Hi, wriga.

I love your version of the series "There's fire in my brain" in five seasons.

With your permission, I'm going to work on it more, to use it. And then I'll upload a draft. I think we can help a lot of people to understand all this better.

So far I have used metaphors to better understand what it took me almost 26 years to see or understand: labyrinth, puzzle, repairing a house...

I would be very grateful for ideas, corrections...

Thank you.

wriga profile image
wriga in reply to parkinsonshereandnow

Hey Jesus, you can't imagine how pleased I am to read this. I very much like your writing style and even more appreciate your in-depth knowledge of what different neurologists have uncovered over time but which gets largely ignored. I see from the chat that you don't have PD, so I assume from your considerable knowledge that you sit on the other side of the desk from those that do. That's unusual here but very welcome. "There's a fire in my brain" just popped up as soon as I saw your very dark picture to illustrate your post. But in fact I had used the fire metaphor in a post earlier this week on HU about a metastable equilibrium... , so it was just waiting to come out.

By the way, that's a great illustration, I hope you have more.

I think "There's a fire in my brain" in 5 seasons will reach out to many more people than my boring scientific titles and could be a wonderful vehicle to communicate what we both have to say.

So let's get writing ... but as with any series we need a plan. Is it a detective story or a tragedy? Where do we start? Not necessarily at the beginning. Good detective series are not chronologically linear, they have surprises, paths that lead nowhere, smart cops and stupid cops and flashbacks too. Just some ideas...

You know where to find me.

Albert

ddmagee1 profile image
ddmagee1

Excellent!

CaseyInsights profile image
CaseyInsights

Well written!

But suffice to say the information you present is available in countless threads on HU. So why are we not yet ‘cured’?

I would suggest that -

(1) therapeutic doses have not been established for these nutraceuticals you mention

(2) no real attempt has been made to match a theoretical construct of the disease to comprehensive and synchronistic blend of nutraceuticals

(3) the co-morbidities many of us carry is bound to frustrate items 1 & 2

So what you find is we take a little bit of everything, pat ourselves on the back and keep our fingers crossed as we navigate the perilous slalom course that is our lot

So what would be exciting - at least for me - is a compelling framework and a matching set of nutraceuticals, that navigates around personal co-morbidities, to brake this reckless down hill slide 🌺

parkinsonshereandnow profile image
parkinsonshereandnow in reply to CaseyInsights

Thank you, Casey.

A fourth point, I think, would be iatrogenesis. Levodopa and carbidopa have significant untreated adverse effects.

I like Dr. Marty Hinz's critical work much better than his "protocol".

I think it is important to look at other diseases and other specialties other than neurology. The famous neuropsychiatrist Abram Hoffer recommended Q10 and high doses of vitamin B3 to his patients to counteract the main problems of levodopa. I would add plenty of vitamin C from food and supplements throughout the day.

Karobath, Birkmayer, Hinz, Coimbra, Costantini and others have shown us important parts of the puzzle.

If I had Parkinson's, I would put my trust in the high-dose thiamine therapy of Costantini and colleagues.

We are living through a revolution of marvellous studies that we have not yet been able to assimilate: one example is vitamin B12. Between 2018 and 2020, several incredible studies have appeared: McCarter, Schaffner and Christine. Also on vitamin D, especially the Fulda study in 2020.

I have the impression that the average Parkinson's sufferer has a lack of almost everything, aggravated by the treatments... The lack of decisions to integrate homocysteine control, melatonin, B3 for the mind or vitamin C into daily clinical practice seems to me unacceptable.

Serbona profile image
Serbona

Thank you!🙏❣

You may also like...

John Coleman tells us about his recovery from Parkinson's.

Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha) shows ability to counter Parkinson's Disease

neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson's disease. Extensive studies are needed to prove its...

Preventive treatments to slow substantia nigra damage and Parkinson's disease progression: A critical perspective review

Preventive treatments to slow substantia nigra damage and Parkinson's disease progression: A...

What suppliments and dosages would you recommend? I've been trying to put together a list for parkinson's.

Lipolic Acid Vitamin A Vitamin D3 - 2000 iu/ day Vitamin B1 - individual dependent Vitamin B12 ->...

The mechanistic role of thymoquinone in Parkinson's disease: focus on neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies 2021

pre-clinical studies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease with...