Pantothenic acid deficiency may be the cause of Parkinsons

[John112233]

Hey all.

I was researching B5 metabolism genetic diseases as I think I have one, and realised the symptoms are a lot like Parkinsons. The diseases are PKAN, and coase also called NBIA- neuro degenerative associated brain iron accumulation -caused by broken enzymes converting B5 aka pantothenic acid into co-enzyme A.

Here are the symptoms-

omim.org/entry/234200

described a kindred ascertained through a 68-year-old man who died after 13 years of progressive dementia, rigidity, bradykinesia, mild tremor, stooped posture, slow and shuffling gait, dystonia, blepharospasm, apraxia of eyelid opening, anarthria, aphonia, and incontinence.

omim.org/clinicalSynopsis/2...

NEURODEGENERATION WITH BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION 1; NBIA1

INHERITANCE

- Autosomal recessive

HEAD & NECK

Face

- Facial grimacing

Eyes

- Pigmentary retinopathy (more common in classic disease)

- Retinal degeneration

- Optic atrophy

- Blepharospasm

- Apraxia of eyelid opening

ABDOMEN

Gastrointestinal

- Feeding difficulties

- Dysphagia

GENITOURINARY

Bladder

- Incontinence

SKELETAL

Feet

- Foot deformity

SKIN, NAILS, & HAIR

Skin

- Skin pigmentation

MUSCLE, SOFT TISSUES

- Decreased muscle mass

- Myopathic changes on pathology

NEUROLOGIC

Central Nervous System

- Psychomotor delay

- Extrapyramidal syndrome

- Involuntary movements

- Gait abnormalities

- Walking on toes

- Corticospinal signs (87% of patients in 1 report)

- Ataxia

- Choreoathetosis

- Dystonia

- Motor 'tics'

- Difficulty writing

- Rigidity

- Parkinsonism

- Orofacial dyskinesia

- Akinesia

- Spasticity

- Stiffness

- Tremor

- Dysarthria

- Speech abnormalities (palilalia)

- Cognitive decline

- Dementia, progressive

- Generalized brain atrophy

- Neuroaxonal degeneration in the brain

- Axonal swelling or thickening in the CNS

- Axonal 'spheroid' inclusions in the CNS

- Iron deposits in the globus pallidus, caudate, and substantia nigra

- MRI shows decreased signal intensity in the pallidal nuclei with central hyperintensity ('eye of the tiger' sign)

Behavioral Psychiatric Manifestations

- Psychiatric abnormalities (more common in patients with atypical disease and slow progression)

- Obsessive-compulsive trait

- Depression

- Hyperactivity

- Behavioral problems

VOICE

- Dysphonia

MISCELLANEOUS

B5 aka pantothenic acid or pantothenate is needed to make COA as can be seen in the photo.

Here is a quote from a study showing just how important co enzyme a is

Coenzyme A biosynthesis: an antimicrobial drug target

A survey of the BRENDA database (

brenda-enzymes.info/) of all known enzyme activities shows

that 9% of the approximately 3500 identified activities use

CoA or a CoA thioester as a cosubstrate (E. Strauss, personal communication)

B5 is also needed to make steroid hormones in the adrenal glands, and studies increase adrenal hormone synthesis in deficient states.

It is used to treat acne, and grey hair also.

There is a few different forms of B5 supplements-

Pantothenate aka pantothenic acid. Up to 10grams a day is used in studies on acne with no side effects. Commonly sold.

Pantethine- two molecules of panteTHEINE bonded together. Breaks down into pantETHEINE in the body which feeds into B5 metabolism pathway further along than pantothenic acid. Also lowers blood cholesterol in studies (see all the positive reviews on amazon.com about people lowering their cholesterol with it). Is better than pantothenic acid in studies.

Pantethenol. Analog of of pantothenic acid. Converts to pantothenic acid in the body. Causes urinary excretion 10-50 times higher than normal values of pantothenic acid. It is sold as cosmetic product for hair, and skin. Comes as D or D, and L mixed form. The D form converts to pantothenic acid the L form does not so I assume is just peed out of the body. If only D form it can be 50:50 mixed with propylene glycol (safe) or 75:25 mixed with water or 99% pure.

Phosphopantothenic acid. Only available from chemical suppliers. This is the first thing pantothenic acid converts into in the body.

Coenzyme a- the form of B5 in food. Is 57,000 USD a kg lol or 275 USD a gram so not really viable to take as a supplement.

Here is a drop box with studies etc on B5. In he chart section is info on how b5 is converted in the body.

dropbox.com/sh/43mt92yyvshm...

High food sources are shiitake mushrooms dried, rice bran, yeast.

In conclusion B5 deficiency may be the cause, and taking B5 may be the cure of Parkinsons.

more info copy pasted from one of the PDFS in the drop box

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

Cristiana Paul, M.S.

Fostering knowledge among health professionals and the public that natural therapies

exist to prevent and support a wide range of ailments while facilitating the integration

of scientifically valid research supporting these therapies in clinical practice.

®

„ Alcohol Detoxification

Participates in the metabolism of acetaldehyde, a by product of ethanol metabolism4, 5, 10

„ Anti-stress Effect

Synthesis of steroid hormones and proper functioning of the adrenal glands9

„ Biochemical Reactions

Coenzyme A (CoA), which is the active form of pantothenic acid, helps transfer two-carbon units (acetyl groups) in a

wide variety of biochemical reactions.12

„ Cholesterol and Tryglicerides lowering

Pantethine, a metabolite of pantothenic acid,18 seems to have a beneficial effect on triglyceride and lipoprotein levels by

producing cystamine. The hydrolysis product cystamine inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which in turn reduces

triglyceride synthesis. Pantethine might also reduce cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, by

inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol.21, 22

„ Energy Metabolism

Enhances the release of energy from carbohydrates in the Krebs cycle12, 17

„ Fat Synthesis

Involved in synthesis of phospholipids, fats, cholesterol, and bile acids12

„ Fighting infections

Was shown to help the immune system fight viral hepatitis11

„ Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Involved in synthesis of acetylcholine12

„ Red Blood Cells

Involved in synthesis of porphyrin in the hemoglobin of red blood cells12

„ Surgery And Wound Healing

In combination, pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid significantly enhance post surgical therapy and wound healing.6, 15

Another study found that vitamin B5 accelerated the healing process of conjunctiva and the cornea after reconstructive

surgery of the epithelium.7 Pantothenic acid also appears to be essential to normal epithelial function.16

RESEARCH PROVEN BENEFITS

PDosage/Administration: ORAL

LIKELY SAFE when used orally and appropriately. Amounts up to

10 grams have been ingested without significant adverse effects.

PREGNANCY/LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE when used orally in

amounts not exceeding the recommended daily allowance (RDA).

The RDA during pregnancy/lactating is 6/7 mg. There is insufficient

reliable information about the safety of using pantothenic acid in

amounts exceeding the RDA during pregnancy/lactating; avoid

using.

Interactions with Herbs & Supplements/Drugs: None known.

Do not take pantothenic acid if you have the blood disorder called

hemophilia. It can increase the risk of bleeding.

“Study of the corticosteroid content in the adrenals and blood of rats

under pantothenate deficiency has demonstrated a decrease in

adrenocortical function. A single administration of pantothenate in a

dose of 3.3 mg/kg reduced the influence of hypovitaminosis on the

adrenals. The pantothenate derivatives (pantethine, 4'-phosphopantothenate and CoA in particular) injected to intact animals in a

single dose equimolar to 3.3 mg/kg calcium pantothenate per kg bw

had a marked steroidogenous effect.”13

“The effect of calcium D-pantothenate on the migration, proliferation and protein synthesis of human dermal fibroblasts from three

different donors was investigated. The migration of cells into a

wounded area was dose-dependently stimulated by Ca D-pantothenat.....The protein synthesis was modulated, since two unidentified

proteins were more strongly expressed in pantothenate supplemented

cultures. In conclusion, Ca D-pantothenate accelerates the wound

healing process by increasing the number of migrating cells, their

distance and hence their speed. In addition, cell division is increased

and the protein synthesis changed. These results suggest that higher

quantities of pantothenate are locally required to enhance wound

healing.”15

“The antitoxic effect of preparations of pantothenic acid is not mediated by CoA-dependent reactions of detoxication, but most probably

is due to intensification of ET (ethanol) oxidation and perhaps to its

elimination from the organism.”10

“Increased cytoplasmic synthesis of CoA by addition of 5 mM

pantothenate (vitamin B5) increased the thermogenic response to

glucose more in mdx than in control muscles. We conclude that the

low energy turnover in mdx-mouse muscle fibres is not due to a

decrease of intracellular glucose availability, but rather to a decreased

oxidative utilization of glucose and free fatty acids. We suggest that

some enzyme complex of the tricarboxylic acid cycle or inefficiency

of CoA transport in the mitochondria could be involved.”17

“27 diabetics (15 NIDDM and 12 IDDM) with dyslipidemia (14

type IV, 8 type IIa and 5 type IIb) were divided in 3 groups and

treated with 3 different hypolipemic drugs (Group A: pantethine 600

mg/day…. Pantethine and acipimox were more effective on triglycerides (-37.7% and -23.3% respectively).”18

TO CONTACT DESIGNS FOR HEALTH, PLEASE CALL US AT

[phone], OR VISIT US ON THE WEB AT

WWW.DESIGNSFORHEALTH.COM.

References

1. Bertolini S, et al. Lipoprotein Changes Induced by Pantethine in Hyperlipoproteinemic

Patients: Adults and Children. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. Nov1986;24(11):630-37.

2. Donati C, et al. Pantethine, Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis. Clinical Study of 1045

Patients. Clin Ter. Mar1989;128(6):411-22.

3. Coronel F, et al. Treatment of hyperlipemia in diabetic patients on dialysis with a

physiological substance. Am J Nephrol. 1991;11(1):32-6.

4. Moiseenok AG, et al. The Protective Effect of Pantothenic Acid Derivatives and Changes in

the System of Acetyl CoA Metabolism in Acute Ethanol Poisoning. Farmakol Toksikol.

Oct1988;51(5):82-86.

5. Chernikevich IP, et al. Possible ways of regulating detoxifying processes in the alcohol

dehydrogenase reaction with pantothenic acid derivatives. Vopr Med Khim. Mar1993;39(2):

38-40.

6. Lacroix B, et al. Role of Pantothenic and Ascorbic Acid in Wound Healing Processes: In

Vitro Study on Fibroblasts. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1988;58(4):407-13.

7. Raczynska K, Iwaszkiewicz-Bilikiewicz B, Stozkowska W, Sadlak-Nowicka J. Clinical

evaluation of provitamin B5 drops and gel for postoperative treatment of corneal and

conjuctival injuries. Klin Oczna. 2003;105(3-4):175-8.

8. Calcium pantothenate in arthritic condtions. A report from the General Practitioner

Research Group. Practitioner. 1980;224:208-211.

9. Fidanza A. Therapeutic action of pantothenic acid. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1983;suppl 24:53-

67 [review].

10. Moiseenok AG, Dorofeev BF . The protective effect of pantothenic acid derivatives and

changes in the system of acetyl CoA metabolism in acute ethanol poisoning. Farmakol

Toksikol. 1988 Sep-Oct;51(5):82-6.

11. Komar VI.The use of pantothenic acid preparations in treating patients with viral hepatitis

A. Ter Arkh. 1991;63(11):58-60

12. Murray R.K, , Granner D. K., Harper's Biochemistry, 23-rd edition

13. Tarasov IuA, Sheibak VM Adrenal cortex functional activity in pantothenate deficiency and

the administration of the vitamin or its derivatives. Vopr Pitan. 1985 Jul-Aug;(4):51-4.

14. Schwabedal PE, Pietrzik K . Pantothenic acid deficiency as a factor contributing to the

development of hypertension. Cardiology. 1985;72 Suppl 1:187-9.

15. Weimann BI, Hermann D.Studies on wound healing: effects of calcium D-pantothenate on

the migration, proliferation and protein synthesis of human dermal fibroblasts in culture. Int

J Vitam Nutr Res. 1999 Mar;69(2):113-9.

16. McKevoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of HealthSystem Pharmacists, 1998.

17. Even PC, Decrouy A Defective regulation of energy metabolism in mdx-mouse skeletal

muscles. Biochem J. 1994 Dec 1;304 ( Pt 2):649-54.

18. Tonutti L, Taboga C . Comparison of the efficacy of pantethine, acipimox, and bezafibrate

on plasma lipids and index of cardiovascular risk in diabetics with dyslipidemia. Minerva

Med. 1991 Oct;82(10):657-63

19. Gaddi A, Descovich GC Controlled evaluation of pantethine, a natural hypolipidemic

compound, in patients with different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis. 1984

Jan;50(1):73-83.

20. Arsenio L, Bodria P .Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with

dyslipidemia. Clin Ther. 1986;8(5):537-45.

21. Cighetti G, Del Puppo M .Modulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity by

pantetheine/pantethine. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Nov 25;963(2):389-93.

22. Wittwer CT, Graves CP .Pantethine lipomodulation: evidence for cysteamine mediation in

vitro and in vivo. Atherosclerosis. 1987 Nov;68(1-2):41-9.

“A one-year clinical trial with pantethine (a metabolite of Pantothenic

acid) was conducted in 24 patients with established dyslipidemia….

Blood lipid assays repeated after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment revealed consistent and statistically significant reductions of all

atherogenic lipid fractions (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein

cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B) with parallel increases of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A. The results were

equally good in patients with uncomplicated dyslipidemia and in

those with associated diabetes mellitus. The authors conclude that

pantethine (a drug entity related to the natural compound, pantetheine) represents a valid therapeutic support for patients with dyslipidemia not amenable to satisfactory correction of blood lipids by diet

alone.”20

“Pantethine (P), (a metabolite of Pantothenic acid) and major

component and precursor of coenzyme A, was evaluated within a

double-blind protocol (8 weeks for P or for a corresponding placebo)

in 29 patients, 11 with type IIB hyperlipoproteinemia, 15 with type

IV, and 3 with an isolated reduction of high density lipoprotein

cholesterol (HDL-C) levels……..P (300 mg t.i.d.) determined a

highly significant lowering of plasma total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) associated cholesterol (-13.5% for both parameters)….. In

the same patients, HDL-C levels increased about 10% at the end of

treatment. …..plasma triglyceride levels were reduced around

30%....This study provides evidence for a significant hypocholesterolemic effect of P, a natural compound free of overt side effects. It

also indicates that P may raise HDL-C levels in type IIB patients,

while moderately reducing triglyceridemia.”19

[Xenos]

Interesting.

Even more so when you know that a group of neurologists (Pr David Devos, Pr Luc Defebvre, Dr Caroline Moreau and Pr Régis Bordet) working in an university hospital in Lille (North of Paris, France) discovered in 2014 that there was an excess of iron in the brain of people with Parkinsonism.

They were hoping for a cure using chelation therapy.

[John112233 in reply to Xenos]

Wow. Didn't know that. Co enzyme a may be involved in iron metabolism which is why it accumulates. I don't think the studies on NBIA said the iron is raised in blood tests so it might only be detectable by checking the brain once the person has died. I'm cure taking B5 would help lower it back to normal.

[John112233]

The genetic NBIAs are treatable with either forms of B5 high dose if needed but of course they say there is no treatment. And then down the bottom they say the treatment is the same as for Parkinsons

nbiadisorders.org/about-nbi...

The symptoms of parkinsonism can be treated with the same medications used in Parkinson’s disease. Treatment with dopamine agonist drugs (like levodopa) must be started and monitored carefully. In the beginning, the dose is increased gradually until both the patient and doctor feel symptoms are under control. While taking dopaminergic drugs, individuals must be regularly monitored for adverse neuropsychiatric effects, psychiatric symptoms and worsening of parkinsonism. There is often short-term great benefit from Parkinsons medications. However, this usually only lasts a few years and is often eventually limited by the development of dyskinesias (a common side effect that creates unwanted movement).

[nsankar]

This is very interesting. My father has parkinson's and it is rapidly progressing. In addition to studies done abroad ( we live in the USA), I am curious to learn whether other countries are treating parkinson's through other measure that may not be approved in the U.S.

[John112233 in reply to nsankar]

Can try pantothenic acid then. Chemists sell it. If he had b5 deficiency he would feel a lot better within a short time on it. Pantethine is even better, and that is sold on ebay/iherb/websites.

[John112233]

Here is one study showing iron accumulation in parkinsons brain.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/944...

b5 increases glutathione too per one study in that drop box folder somewhere almost as much as NAC

[silvestrov]

It would take a CoA enzyme problem to cause a deficiency of pantothenic acid (PA). To acquire a pantothenic acid nutritional deficiency you have to exposed to starvation conditions because PA is in all food - even celery is a good source of PA. PA deficiencies were common in prisoner of war and concentration camp(s).

"Pantothenic acid deficiency is exceptionally rare and has not been thoroughly studied. In the few cases where deficiency has been seen (victims of starvation and limited volunteer trials), nearly all symptoms can be reversed with the return of pantothenic acid."

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panto...

There is one supplement I take in the evening to help me sleep and improve my osteo-arthritis symptoms: baicalin. There is some evidence that baicalin may remove brain iron (at least in a rat model of PD):

Baicalin and deferoxamine alleviate iron accumulation in different brain regions of Parkinson's disease rats

"Baicalin can pass through the blood-brain barrier."

nrronline.org/article.asp?i...

I use the Liftmode brand of baicalin because it is 95% pure. To acquire a more concentrated product you would need to go to a chemical manufacturer.

[Hidden]

Clearly B5 deficiency is not rare if Parkinsons patients exhibit the same symptoms as B5 metabolism genetic diseases. Nice try to stop someone taking a helpful supplement.It is good to know it is easily reversed by taking pantothenic acid though.

[Kia17 in reply to Hidden]

Hi john

Please can you send me a link for a good quality Pantethine?

Why do you think Pantethine is better than Pantothenic acid ?

Many thanks

Kia

[John112233 in reply to Kia17]

Hi

The form of b5 in food is co enzyme a, and phosphopantetheine which are the biologically active form in the body plus will be better absorbed when they are in food with all the other components of food (protein, fat, carbs, fibre, minerals, vitamins etc)

nutritiondata.self.com/food...

Shiitake mushrooms are the highest food source, and they are commonly sold at supermarkets.

All those foods above it are not naturally high in b5 but have had it added to them, and they add pantothenic acid not the 2 above mentioned forms so are not as good. If not wanting to eat shiitake look for other natural foods on that list

So food is better but for a supplement now foods has a pantethine supplement. It is on iherb/ebay.

[Kia17 in reply to John112233]

Thanks very much

[John112233]

Niacin B3 is low in Parkinsons too ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl...

Edit: Oops linked the wrong study will try found the other one.

Looks like it is a multi b vitamin deficiency disease. Nutritiondata is a good website with the nutrient content of different foods. One can type in a food or search a specific nutrient. Good sources of b vitamins I have found are -Rice bran (also high mineral content) , the different yeasts (bakers, brewers, nutritional- don't recall mineral content), mixed nuts (also high mineral content) . A big bowl of rice bran cereal, and one cup of mixed nuts a day will provide the RDA for most b vits, and nutrients, and for some of them will provide well over the RDA. List of essential nutrients effectscausedbylackofessent...

[Gioc in reply to John112233]

hi john

what do you think of the old, dear, sweet B3?

[John112233 in reply to Gioc]

Hi Gio

I have taken it in high doses before not for Parkinsons but for CFS type illness, and it didn't do much. I'd say search niacin on nutritiondata, and find the food with the highest content of it, and eat that instead of taking a pill as the type of b vitamins in food is more activated, and advanced than the form in pill form so is better.

[Gioc in reply to John112233]

thak you very much👍

[silvestrov]

Here are some articles which may interest you.

Late-onset Hallervorden-Spatz disease presenting as familial parkinsonism.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/396...

Late onset Parkinsonian syndrome in Hallervorden-Spatz disease

jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/5...

Though these are interesting articles and the parallels to PD are obvious, I am not convinced that a pyridoxine deficiency is a cause of Pd due to its rarity and the rarity of Hallervorden-Spatz disease. Rather I think it is a parkinsonism....a Parkinson's-like syndrome with a known cause, unlike idiopathic Parkinson's. In researching this connection I discovered an unethical study done in the 1950's in which Drs induced a pantothenic acid deficiency in human beings and this would not happen today due to the dangers of inducing any nutritional deficiency:

PANTOTHENIC ACID DEFICIENCY INDUCED IN HUMAN SUBJECTS'

CONCLUSIONS

1. Subjects on a diet devoid of pantothenic acid, and with an antagonist, omega-ethylpantothenic acid developed: 1) a neuromotor disorder; 2) cardiovascular instability

especially in the upright position; 3) complaints referable to the alimentary canal; 4) repeated infections; and 5) physical and mental depression. They were not all relieved promptly by adding pantothenic acid to the diet.

2. The biochemical changes included

alterations in acetylation, carbohydrate metabolism, blood cholesterol, steroid hormone

excretion, plasma protein; and failure of ACTH to induce eosinopenia.

3. The individual variations were large.

europepmc.org/backend/ptpmc...

Interestingly I found a correlative study between taking pantothenic acid and PD. Sure it is the exact reverse of searching for a pantothenic acid deficiency causing idiopathic PD:

Study of possible correlation between PARKINSON'S DISEASE and PANTOTHENIC ACID

factmed.com/report-PANTOTHE...

Finally, in my research I found that high dose riboflavin - along with coq10 and other B complex vitamins including pantothenic acid (which is why I found this patent) may be a viable therapy for essential tremor. The following is a patent for such a drug:

Method of treating neurological disorders

Abstract

"Essential tremor can effectively be treated with high doses of Riboflavin (vitamin B2), either on its own or coupled with one or more other B vitamins and/or coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). The treatment constitutes a significant improvement over prior treatment methods in that it not only alleviates essential tremor, but results in better performance of the affected body portion and may delay the progression of the disease. The preferred addition of other B vitamins and/or CoQ10 also provides balance to the nutrient energy requirements of a patient's body."

patents.google.com/patent/U...

Hi dose riboflavin is good for migraines and possibly PD:

scielo.br/scielo.php?script...

Who knows, maybe pantothenic acid deficiency is more common that we know of in PD but I did not find a study showing such a deficiency in PwP exists.

[LAJ12345]

Any more thoughts on b5?

[JayPwP]

Let's not let this go cold...

[JayPwP]

Any suggestions on what dosage to try???

[JayPwP in reply to JayPwP]

Really? No takers??

[Sydney75]

Interesting connection. Before my HWP diagnosis and 2 mis-diagnosis we did a micro-nutrient panel and he was low in B5 and choline, no one made any connection at the time.

[jcavana in reply to Sydney75]

Did you supplement with B5? My mom is the same.