It would be safe to say that most of us have bought into the theory of free-radicals and anti-oxidants. This theory that unstable (reactive) oxygen and nitrogen species are generated in our cells by the processes of body metabolism and through contact with external conditions (chemical, diseased states) has come to explain the pathologies behind such conditions as cardiovascular, neurogenerative states and even cancer. While we have readily accepted one side of this equation of life—the anti-oxidant side— by adding many anti-oxidant supplements to our daily regimes, we have been somewhat reluctant to accept the other side of the equation—pro-oxidants. The reasoning behind this may be found in the early days of research on the Hydrogen Bomb: the story (this may be apocryphal) is attributed to a fear that once a hydrogen explosion took place it would be uncontainable and continue to consume all of the hydrogen on the planet. This didn't happen, of course. However, we may harbor a similar fear about antioxidants, in that once the process is ignited in our mitochondria, for example, it will be uncontrollable and wind-up causing more damage than good. Therefore, with this thought in mind t I cite the following research paper:
“Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis via Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathway and Down-Regulating Cellular Bcl-2 Protein Expression” Journal of Cancer 2014, Vol. 5
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/251...
Abstract: Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been reported as a promising agent that might contribute to tumor cell apoptosis and death, yet little is known about its mechanisms. In the current study, the effect of PQQ on cell proliferation and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis were examined in 3 solid tumor cell lines (A549, Neuro-2A, and HCC-LM3). PQQ treatment at low to medium dosage exhibited potent anti-tumor activity on A549 and Neuro-2A cells, while had a comparably minimal impact on the viabilities of 2 human normal cell lines (HRPTEpiC and HUVEC). The apoptosis of the 3 tumor cell lines induced by PQQ was increased in a concentration-dependent manner, which might be attributed to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decline in ATP levels and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), in conjunction with down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, up-regulation of activated caspase-3, and disturbed phosphorylated MAPK protein levels. PQQ induced tumor cells apoptosis was significantly alleviated by pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. The present work highlights the potential capability of PQQ as an anti-tumor agent with low toxicity towards normal cells through activating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathways, and warrants its development for cancer therapy
PQQ
: Summary
1 Low to medium dosage of PQQ was effective in contributing to cell apoptosis in three, solid cancer lines.
2 While it positively affected cancer cells, it had minimal impact on normal ones [Action is selective]
3 The explanation for the induced apoptosis may be attributable to the creation of intracellular ROS, a decline in ATP levels and the weakening of the MMP (Mitochondrial Membrane Potential)
4 Down-Regulation of Bel-2 protein expression, the upregulation of caspace-3 and disturbed phosphorylation MAPK protein levels [This effect on phosphorylation of MAPK levels is particular interesting]
5 The present work highlights the potential capability of PQQ as an anti-tumor agent with low toxicity towards normal cells through activating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathways and warrants its development for cancer therapy. [Low toxicity on normal cells]
Finally, several studies indicate that PQQ may also
6 Support heart health and cognitive function
7 Support the defense of mitochondrial DNA
8 Work synergistically with CoQ10
9 Favorably modulate gene expression. PQQ activates genes that promote the formation of new mitochondria and beneficially interact with genes directly involved in mitochondrial health. These same genes also support healthy body weight, normal fat and sugar metabolism, and youthful cellular proliferation.
These latter functions of PQQ are outlined in the description of PQQ on the Life Extension site. PQQ is currently sold in two sizes: 10 mg and 20 mg. Search results indicate that PQQ is safe at 10-20 mg, however, until I understand how my own body will react to PQQ I have chosen to start at 10 mg a day.
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